马克思幸福观及实现当代中国人幸福的路径

发布时间：2018-10-22 06:32

【摘要】：伴随经济的发展和时代的进步，能否幸福已经成为备受关注的焦点问题。当今的中国正处于社会的转型期和改革的攻坚阶段。政治、经济和文化取得高速发展，与此同时，社会利益呈现多元化，传统的道德体系也饱受质疑，这些使人们的幸福观念发生改变。马克思的幸福观作为人类科学的幸福观历久弥坚，对我国社会的转型和全面建成小康社会具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。马克思从中学时代就开始关注人类的幸福问题，他的幸福观贯穿了他的一生，在多部著作中都有体现，马克思对于什么是幸福、如何获取幸福作出了科学的解释。马克思的中学论文和博士论文是他幸福思想的萌芽，这期间他的内心萌动着对幸福的向往。他的《黑格尔法哲学批判》标志着他的幸福思想从萌芽到成熟，指明了幸福的根基是现实。在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中，马克思认为资本主义私有制条件下，异化是与人的幸福相背离的，只有克服异化才能实现幸福。在《德意志意识形态》中，现实的个人的感性活动是马克思幸福观的出发点，个性自由是追求幸福的最佳状态，人们只有在真实的集体中才能获取幸福。《共产党宣言》体现马克思幸福观的深化，马克思认为阶级斗争是工人实现幸福的必经途径，共产主义社会是实现人类幸福的“自由王国”。总结马克思的幸福观，可以看出，实践的观点始终是马克思幸福思想的根本落脚点，人的需要是追求幸福的内在动力，，公平正义的社会制度是获得幸福的保障，人的自由全面发展是人类追求幸福的终极目的。幸福是劳动创造与生活享受的统一、物质生活与精神追求的统一、个人幸福与人类幸福的统一。在当代中国，物质生活水平的提高没有相应的带来幸福感的提高，随着人们的价值观呈现多元化的发展趋势，人们对幸福的认同出现了混乱，社会的发展没有更多地关注人的发展和人的幸福。对此，幸福的实现应该从社会和个人两方面着手，一方面国家要为个人的幸福提供良好的制度保障，始终把人的发展作为一个社会发展的终极目标和衡量社会进步的唯一标准。另一方面个人要树立科学的幸福观，培养感知幸福的能力，学会珍惜和感恩，同时要提高创造幸福的能力，意识到只有劳动才是创造幸福的重要途径。
[Abstract]:With the economic development and the progress of the times, happiness has become the focus of attention. Today's China is in the period of social transition and reform. With the rapid development of politics, economy and culture, the diversity of social interests and the questioning of traditional moral system have changed people's concept of happiness. Marx's concept of happiness, as a scientific concept of human happiness, is of great theoretical and practical significance to the transformation of our society and the building of a well-off society in an all-round way. Marx began to pay attention to the problem of human happiness in his middle school. His concept of happiness ran through his life and was reflected in many books. Marx gave a scientific explanation of what is happiness and how to obtain it. Marx's middle school thesis and doctorate thesis were the germination of his happiness thought, during which his heart sprouted his yearning for happiness. His criticism of Hegel's philosophy of law symbolizes his happiness thought from germination to maturity, and points out that the foundation of happiness is reality. In the manuscript of Economics and philosophy in 1844, Marx thought that under the condition of capitalist private ownership, alienation deviates from human happiness, and happiness can only be achieved by overcoming alienation. In "German ideology", the realistic personal perceptual activities are the starting point of Marx's concept of happiness, and the freedom of personality is the best state of pursuing happiness. The Communist Manifesto embodies the deepening of Marx's concept of happiness, and Marx believes that class struggle is a necessary way for workers to achieve happiness. The communist society is the "free kingdom" which realizes the human happiness. Summing up Marx's concept of happiness, we can see that the viewpoint of practice is always the fundamental foothold of Marx's thought of happiness, the need of human beings is the internal motive force of pursuing happiness, and the social system of fairness and justice is the guarantee of obtaining happiness. Man's free and all-round development is the ultimate goal of human being's pursuit of happiness. Happiness is the unity of labor creation and life enjoyment, material life and spiritual pursuit, individual happiness and human happiness. In contemporary China, the improvement of material living standard does not bring about the improvement of happiness. As people's values present a pluralistic trend of development, people's identification with happiness has become chaotic. Social development does not pay more attention to human development and human happiness. To this end, the realization of happiness should start from the two aspects of society and individual. On the one hand, the country should provide good system guarantee for the individual's happiness, always regard human's development as the ultimate goal of a society's development and the only standard to measure the social progress. On the other hand, individuals should establish a scientific concept of happiness, cultivate the ability to perceive happiness, learn to cherish and appreciate, and at the same time improve the ability to create happiness, realize that only labor is an important way to create happiness.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：A811

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