马克思恩格斯民生思想及其当代发展
发布时间：2019-01-18 16:39
【摘要】：马克思恩格斯的民生思想内涵丰富,寓意深刻。十九世纪,资本主义成为阻碍民生全面发展实现的最大社会根源。马克思恩格斯民生思想正是在这种背景下,在吸收了文艺复兴时期的“抑神扬人”的思想；启蒙思想家“人道主义”的思想；资产阶级的法权思想；空想社会主义者关于人的自由解放、全面发展的思想；费尔巴哈的“人本主义”的基础上,并经历了萌发、初步形成、发展和相对成熟四个阶段,而最终形成的。 民生主要是指民众的基本生存和生活需要的满足,民众的基本权益得以公平的保障,以及民众全面发展的权利和机会得以实现的状况。在马克思恩格斯的伟大著作中到处闪烁着关于关注民生、实现民生思想的光辉。其理论内核包括民众对生存生活需要的论述、民众应该公平公正享有权益的论述和人的自由而全面的发展的论述。同时马克思恩格斯还对民生实现进行了探讨,在马克思恩格斯看来,对人民群众历史地位的重视是民生实现的先决条件；揭露资本主义民生“异化”是民生实现的最大障碍；实践活动是实现民生的根本途径；共产主义制度是民生实现的有力保障。通过分析可见,马克思恩格斯民生思想具有辩证性、批判性、实践性和历史性四方面特征。 在西方,马克思恩格斯民生思想发展出了西方马克思主义人本主义思潮,新黑格尔主义的马克思主义、存在主义的马克思主义、新弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义分别从对经济决定论的批判、对异化理论的论述、对资本主义社会现象的批判等方面对马克思恩格斯民生思想进行了研究,但他们由于过度强调人的主观能动性、从抽象的人出发、没有从根本上批判资本主义制度,因此背离了马克思恩格斯的民生思想。 在当代中国,马克思恩格斯民生思想发展出了中国马克思主义民生观。中国马克思主义民生观已经形成一个体系：“以人为本”是中国马克思主义民生观的基本出发点；发展生产力是改善中国马克思主义民生的根本途径；社会主义体制是中国马克思主义民生观的根本保障。共同富裕是中国马克思主义民生观的实现目标。中国马克思主义民生观具有概念的原创性、影响的深远性、内容的全面性、实行的可行性等特征。面对当前我国的民生建设存在的问题,我们应该从教育、就业、医疗、社保和住房五个方面不断推进民生。
[Abstract]:Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood is rich in connotation and profound in implication. In the nineteenth century, capitalism became the biggest social source that hindered the overall development of people's livelihood. It is against this background that Marx and Engels' livelihood thought absorbs the Renaissance's thought of "suppressing God and promoting people", the enlightenment thinker's thought of "humanitarianism", the bourgeoisie's thought of legal right, and the thought of "humanitarianism" in the Renaissance period. On the basis of Feuerbach's "humanism", it has gone through four stages of germination, initial formation, development and relative maturity, and finally formed. People's livelihood mainly refers to the people's basic survival and the satisfaction of life needs, the basic rights and interests of the people can be guaranteed fairly, and the people's rights and opportunities of comprehensive development can be realized. In the great works of Marx and Engels, the brilliant ideas of people's livelihood and the realization of people's livelihood are flickering everywhere. Its theoretical core includes people's exposition on the need of existence and life, the people should fair and just enjoy the rights and interests, and the people's free and comprehensive development. At the same time, Marx and Engels also discussed the realization of people's livelihood. In Marx and Engels' view, attaching importance to the historical status of the people is the prerequisite for the realization of the people's livelihood, exposing the alienation of the people's livelihood under capitalism is the biggest obstacle to the realization of the people's livelihood. Practical activity is the basic way to realize people's livelihood, and communism system is the powerful guarantee to realize people's livelihood. It can be seen from the analysis that Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood has four characteristics: dialectical, critical, practical and historical. In the West, Marx and Engels' livelihood thought developed the Western Marxist humanism, the New Hegel Marxism, the existential Marxism, Neo-Freudism Marxism has studied Marx and Engels' livelihood thoughts from the aspects of critique of economic determinism, exposition of alienation theory, criticism of capitalist social phenomena, etc. However, because they overemphasized the subjective initiative of human beings, started from abstract people and did not criticize the capitalist system fundamentally, they deviated from Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood. In contemporary China, Marx and Engels' people's livelihood thought developed the Chinese Marxism livelihood view. China's Marxist outlook on people's livelihood has formed a system: "people-oriented" is the basic starting point of China's Marxist outlook on people's livelihood, and the development of productive forces is the fundamental way to improve the people's livelihood of China's Marxism. The socialist system is the fundamental guarantee of Chinese Marxist outlook on people's livelihood. Common prosperity is the goal of China's Marxist concept of people's livelihood. The concept of people's livelihood of Marxism in China is characterized by originality of concept, far-reaching influence, comprehensiveness of content and feasibility of implementation. Facing the existing problems in the construction of people's livelihood in our country, we should promote people's livelihood from five aspects: education, employment, medical treatment, social security and housing.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811
本文编号：2410903
[Abstract]:Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood is rich in connotation and profound in implication. In the nineteenth century, capitalism became the biggest social source that hindered the overall development of people's livelihood. It is against this background that Marx and Engels' livelihood thought absorbs the Renaissance's thought of "suppressing God and promoting people", the enlightenment thinker's thought of "humanitarianism", the bourgeoisie's thought of legal right, and the thought of "humanitarianism" in the Renaissance period. On the basis of Feuerbach's "humanism", it has gone through four stages of germination, initial formation, development and relative maturity, and finally formed. People's livelihood mainly refers to the people's basic survival and the satisfaction of life needs, the basic rights and interests of the people can be guaranteed fairly, and the people's rights and opportunities of comprehensive development can be realized. In the great works of Marx and Engels, the brilliant ideas of people's livelihood and the realization of people's livelihood are flickering everywhere. Its theoretical core includes people's exposition on the need of existence and life, the people should fair and just enjoy the rights and interests, and the people's free and comprehensive development. At the same time, Marx and Engels also discussed the realization of people's livelihood. In Marx and Engels' view, attaching importance to the historical status of the people is the prerequisite for the realization of the people's livelihood, exposing the alienation of the people's livelihood under capitalism is the biggest obstacle to the realization of the people's livelihood. Practical activity is the basic way to realize people's livelihood, and communism system is the powerful guarantee to realize people's livelihood. It can be seen from the analysis that Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood has four characteristics: dialectical, critical, practical and historical. In the West, Marx and Engels' livelihood thought developed the Western Marxist humanism, the New Hegel Marxism, the existential Marxism, Neo-Freudism Marxism has studied Marx and Engels' livelihood thoughts from the aspects of critique of economic determinism, exposition of alienation theory, criticism of capitalist social phenomena, etc. However, because they overemphasized the subjective initiative of human beings, started from abstract people and did not criticize the capitalist system fundamentally, they deviated from Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood. In contemporary China, Marx and Engels' people's livelihood thought developed the Chinese Marxism livelihood view. China's Marxist outlook on people's livelihood has formed a system: "people-oriented" is the basic starting point of China's Marxist outlook on people's livelihood, and the development of productive forces is the fundamental way to improve the people's livelihood of China's Marxism. The socialist system is the fundamental guarantee of Chinese Marxist outlook on people's livelihood. Common prosperity is the goal of China's Marxist concept of people's livelihood. The concept of people's livelihood of Marxism in China is characterized by originality of concept, far-reaching influence, comprehensiveness of content and feasibility of implementation. Facing the existing problems in the construction of people's livelihood in our country, we should promote people's livelihood from five aspects: education, employment, medical treatment, social security and housing.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811
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