马克思主义公共需求理论及其当代发展

发布时间：2019-03-03 14:02

【摘要】：马克思恩格斯在马克思主义著作中对“公共需求”的蕴意多次涉及,对于马克思主义公共需求概念的理解,应当全面地采用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义方法进行分析,同时借助于散见马克思主义著作中关于“社会公共需要”、“公共利益”等思想观点,形成马克思主义公共需求理论的基本要义。有一些学者把马克思主义公共需求的概念和西方经济学公共产品的概念混淆在一起,因此,有必要对马克思主义公共需求理论进行进一步研究和总结,也需对西方公共产品理论的局限进行分析,全面地揭示马克思主义公共需求理论的本质,另一方面对中国化马克思主义公共需求理论的发展进行梳理,进一步完善马克思主义公共需求理论。新时期,我国正处于经济发展的黄金机遇期,但同时也是社会矛盾的凸显期,原有体制机制性弊端越来越成为发展的瓶颈问题,此外,资源、环境、文化创新等各方面问题层出不穷。新时期我国公共需求供给的主要矛盾是：社会的公共需求快速增长与当前公共需求(尤其是基本公共需求)总供给的紧缺、供给不均衡和供给不合理之间的矛盾。公共需求供给水平与全面建设小康社会、和谐社会的要求差距还很大,很大程度的影响经济社会的发展。因此要妥善处理好目的与规律的关系、公平和效率的关系、政府和市场的关系、公立和公益的关系以及激励和约束的关系等问题,才能更好地满足公共需求。本文通过文献法对马克思主义公共需求理论进行梳理和总结,重点分析了马克思主要公共需求的属性,指出其具有公共利益的目的性、公共需求的整体性、公共主体的必要性、公共供给的效率性等自然属性,以及动态发展性、公平合理性、阶级属性等社会属性,并指出社会属性的决定意义。文章针对当前我国公共需求发展现状,指出其主要特点是基本公共需求亟须填补、转型发展公共需求猛增、和谐发展公共需求旺盛,并认为需要进一步明确公共需求供给的范围重点,进一步完善公共需求供给的决策机制,进一步加强公共需求供给的组织管理,进一步改善公共需求供给的检验评价,给出了具体的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Marx and Engels' implication of "public demand" in Marxist works has been involved many times. The understanding of Marxist concept of public demand should be analyzed by means of dialectical materialism and historical materialism in an all-round way. At the same time, with the help of the scattered Marxist works on "social public needs", "public interests" and other ideological points of view, the formation of Marxist public demand theory of the basic essentials. Some scholars have confused the concept of Marxist public demand with the concept of public goods in western economics. Therefore, it is necessary to further study and summarize the Marxist theory of public demand. It is also necessary to analyze the limitations of western public goods theory, reveal the essence of Marxist public demand theory in an all-round way, and sort out the development of Marxist public demand theory in China on the other hand. We will further improve the Marxist theory of public demand. In the new period, China is in a golden period of opportunity for economic development, but it is also a prominent period of social contradictions. The institutional malpractice of the original system is becoming more and more the bottleneck of development. In addition, resources and environment, Cultural innovation and other aspects of the problem emerge in endlessly. The main contradiction of our country's public demand and supply in the new period is the contradiction between the rapid growth of the public demand and the shortage of the total supply of the public demand (especially the basic public demand), the imbalance of the supply and the unreasonable supply. There is a great gap between the level of public demand and supply and building a well-off society in an all-round way, and the requirement of harmonious society is still quite different, which greatly affects the development of economy and society. Therefore, it is necessary to properly handle the relationship between purpose and law, fairness and efficiency, the relationship between the government and the market, the relationship between the public and the public, and the relationship between incentives and constraints, so as to better meet the public demand. This article combs and sums up Marxist public demand theory through literature law, analyzes the attributes of Marx's main public demand, and points out that it has the purpose of public interest, the integrity of public demand and the necessity of public subject. Natural attributes, such as efficiency of public supply, and social attributes such as dynamic development, fairness and rationality, class attributes, etc., are pointed out, and the decisive significance of social attributes is pointed out. In view of the current situation of the development of public demand in China, this paper points out that its main characteristics are that the basic public demand must be filled urgently, the public demand for transformation and development increases sharply, and the public demand for harmonious development is vigorous. It is also considered that it is necessary to further clarify the scope of public demand supply, further improve the decision-making mechanism of public demand supply, further strengthen the organization and management of public demand supply, and further improve the inspection and evaluation of public demand supply. Specific policy recommendations are given.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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