马克思辩证法及其当代价值

发布时间：2019-03-04 15:41

【摘要】：本文对于马克思辩证法及其当代价值的论述从三个方面展开。首先追溯了辩证法的理论来源和发展历程；其次对马克思辩证法的内涵和总体特征进行了重点阐述；最后论述了马克思辩证法的当代价值。辩证法以古希腊哲学为起点，历经了德国古典哲学，发展到马克思哲学，哲学形成了辩证法的“实践转向”。康德哲学以一种先验逻辑来表达人类的思维的矛盾本性，而黑格尔哲学则是一种范畴逻辑，黑格尔辩证法是一种观念的运动，黑格尔辩证法披着神秘主义的外衣，是一种唯心主义的辩证法，它的形式是神秘的，而马克思的实践唯物主义辩证法批判了黑格尔的这种唯心辩证法的神秘形式。文章重点阐述了马克思辩证法的实质及总体特征，马克思通过对黑格尔辩证法理论的批判以及对费尔巴哈辩证法理论的扬弃，逐步形成和丰富了自己的实践辩证法。文章认为，马克思辩证法以“实践”为其理论根基，，马克思认为，旧哲学将辩证法认为人的思维的运动，旧哲学认为哲学的任务在于解释世界，马克思批判这种旧哲学，将自己的辩证法理论与人对客观世界的改造的实践活动深深的联系在一起，从此确立了自己哲学的任务为改造世界。文章对于马克思辩证法总体特征的阐述从三个方面进行，马克思的辩证法的核心是实践的，它的特性是革命的，它的本质批判的。马克思的辩证法的“实践根基”从《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》这篇著作中开始确定，这篇著作的发表也就奠定了马克思辩证法的实践基础。除此之外，从哲学基本问题，也就是思维与存在的关系问题的视域也可以理解马克思辩证法的实践本性。之所以说马克思的辩证法是革命的，是因为“辩证法总是在对现存事物的肯定理解中包含着否定理解，也就是包含着对现存事物必然灭亡的理解”；马克思辩证法的批判性是彻底的，它是辩证法的一种本质的性质而不是工具。在当代理解和反思马克思的辩证法依然有其价值和意义，马克思辩证法仍然为当代人提供科学的思想理论，它作为一种开放发展的理论体系，指引着当代的社会主义建设，用马克思辩证法开放发展的观点指引我们新的实践，解决新的时代问题。最后，马克思辩证法作为一种批判的武器，不断指引着对现在生活方式的思考，为人类追求共产主义提供不竭的动力。
[Abstract]:This article discusses Marx dialectics and its contemporary value from three aspects. Firstly, the theoretical origin and development course of dialectics are traced back; secondly, the connotation and general characteristics of Marx dialectics are expounded emphatically; finally, the contemporary value of Marx dialectics is discussed. Dialectics, starting from ancient Greek philosophy, developed to Marx's philosophy after German classical philosophy. Philosophy formed the "practical turn" of dialectics. Kant's philosophy expresses the contradictory nature of human thinking with a priori logic, while Hegel's philosophy is a kind of category logic, Hegel's dialectics is a movement of ideas, Hegel's dialectics is cloaked in mysticism. It is a kind of idealistic dialectics, its form is mysterious, and Marx's practical materialism dialectics criticizes the mysterious form of Hegel's idealistic dialectics. This paper focuses on the essence and general characteristics of Marx's dialectics. Marx gradually formed and enriched his own practical dialectics by criticizing Hegel's dialectic theory and sublation of Feuerbach's dialectic theory. The article holds that Marx's dialectics is based on "practice", Marx thinks that the old philosophy regards dialectics as the movement of man's thinking, and the old philosophy thinks that the task of philosophy is to explain the world, and Marx criticizes this old philosophy. The theory of dialectics is deeply connected with the practice of man's transformation of the objective world, and the mission of his philosophy is to transform the world from now on. This paper expounds the general characteristics of Marx's dialectics from three aspects. The core of Marx's dialectics is practice, its characteristics are revolutionary and its essence is critical. The "practical foundation" of Marx's dialectics was determined from the outline of Feuerbach, and the publication of this work also laid the practical foundation of Marx's dialectics. In addition, the practical nature of Marx's dialectics can also be understood from the perspective of the basic philosophical problem, that is, the relationship between thinking and existence. The reason why Marx's dialectics is revolutionary is that "dialectics always contains a negative understanding in the positive understanding of the existing things, that is, the understanding of the inevitable demise of the existing things"; The critical nature of Marx's dialectics is thorough, it is an essential nature rather than a tool of dialectics. It is still of value and significance to understand and reflect on Marx's dialectics in contemporary times. Marx's dialectics still provides scientific ideological theory for contemporary people. As a theoretical system of open development, Marx dialectics is guiding the construction of socialism in the contemporary era. To guide our new practice and solve the problems of the new era with the viewpoint of opening-up and development of Marx's dialectics. Finally, Marx's dialectics, as a critical weapon, constantly guides the thinking of the present life style and provides an inexhaustible motive force for mankind to pursue communism.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811;B024

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