马克思“共产主义”理论:在唯物史观与《资本论》之间

发布时间：2019-04-13 15:27

【摘要】：当前流行的一种论断,便是认为"马克思的时代结束了",马克思的"共产主义"理论已经演变为一种无用的理论。其实这种评判,没有真正把握马克思共产主义理论从早期思想的哲学设计向《资本论》时期的经济学批判的内在转换,更无法理解共产主义的经济学向度的科学预测。具体而言,马克思共产主义理论是居于思想史的"理论空间",具有反思与超越传统共产主义理解的内在要求,而这种要求首先来自其早期哲学批判,即对社会"异化劳动"理论的哲学反思,试图在唯物史观视域内建构共产主义,但理论症结在于无法切入资本现实,也即资本与雇佣劳动的关系。马克思经由哲学批判到经济学批判的范式转换,实现了从思想史场域到社会史场域的过渡,提出了社会解放逻辑的两大内容,即"消灭资本逻辑,消灭雇佣劳动",打破资本社会的同质化的社会结构,重建一个新的社会形态即实现共产主义。
[Abstract]:The popular argument is that "Marx's era is over" and Marx's "communism" theory has evolved into a useless theory. In fact, this kind of judgment has not really grasped the internal transformation of Marx's communist theory from the philosophical design of the early thought to the economic criticism of the period of Capital, and cannot understand the scientific prediction of the economic dimension of communism. Specifically speaking, Marx's communist theory is a "theoretical space" living in the history of thought, which has the inherent requirement of reflecting and surpassing the understanding of traditional communism, and this requirement first comes from its early philosophical criticism. That is to say, the philosophical reflection on the theory of social "alienated labor" tries to construct communism from the perspective of historical materialism, but the crux of the theory lies in the inability to cut into the reality of capital, that is, the relationship between capital and wage labor. Through the paradigm transformation from philosophical criticism to economic criticism, Marx realized the transition from the field of ideological history to the field of social history, and put forward two major contents of the logic of social liberation, namely, "eliminating the logic of capital and eliminating employment". Break the homogeneous social structure of capital society, rebuild a new social form namely realize communism.
【作者单位】：扬州大学社会发展学院;
【基金】：扬州大学人文社会科学基金项目(XJJ2015-21)
【分类号】：A811

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