论我国合同能源管理的法治化路径

发布时间：2018-04-21 14:49

本文选题：合同能源管理 + 法治化　；参考：《华东政法大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：强台风、沙尘暴、高温干旱、极端降水……近年来,全球极端天气频频发作,危害越发严重。究其原因,最重要的是碳基燃料消耗过大而造成的全球气候变暖,极端天气是能源消耗问题的一个折射。避免极端气候的主要途径还是要依靠人类,通过能耗的有效降低改变正在恶化的环境。伴随着人类生产力的高度发展,能源消耗的日益增加,为寻求经济社会可持续发展,节约能源也已成国际经济发展的大趋势。作为制造业大国与能源消费大国,我国本着积极、负责、主动的态度减少碳排放,节能减排被确定为一项基本国策,并积极努力地提高能源利用效率,建设资源节约型社会。因节能工作涉及面广,技术性强,而且节能减排大多属于投资大、见效慢项目,国家光靠自身的力量,来促进节能降耗的力度是不够的。因此还要积极培育节能服务市场,充分调动市场各方面的力量参与,促进节能降耗,合同能源管理就是调动市场力量参与的节能服务模式之一。合同能源管理是一种新兴的市场化节能机制,合同能源管理是指从事节能服务的公司与用能的用能单位签订合同能源管理契约,为用户提供节能诊断、融资、改造等服务,并以节能效益分享方式回收投资和获得合理利润,可以大大降低用能单位节能改造的资金和技术风险,充分调动用能单位节能改造的积极性,是行之有效的节能措施。合同能源管理的实质是以减少的能源浪费按一定比例来支付合同能源管理服务机构的投资和利润的一种方式。其特点是降低用能单位所需承担节能实施的资金、技术及风险,就可以更快的降低能源成本,获得实施节能后带来的收益。如果能充分发挥“合同能源管理”的市场机制作用,最终达到的节能效果将是非常显著的。目前,我国政府已运用财税、补助等优惠政策予以支持推动合同能源管理的发展,取得了良好的政策效果,但要保障支持合同能源管理的优惠政策真正落实到位,还需有法律层面的保障支持。本文采用交叉研究法、探索性研究方法,经过文献研究与理论应用研究,讨论我国能源管理法治化的必要性与基本路径。全文共分四章,第一章讨论合同能源管理的基本内涵和特征。阐明合同能源管理的基本内涵、特性,分析合同能源管理中的若干关系。第二章分析了合同能源管理契约的性质。文章提出合同能源管理契约的属性为民事契约、非典型契约。鉴于合同能源管理的典型性以及适用的广泛性,建议积极推动合同能源管理契约典型化。第三章具体分析我国合同能源管理法治化的路径。结合我国能源管理的特殊性,提出我国合同能源管理的法治化的路径是:首先从依法治国的战略高度看待合同能源管理法治化建设。其次坚持鼓励、促进与引导原则;开放、中立原则;协调性原则三个原则推进合同能源管理法治化建设。最后通过完善市场准入制、完善诚信保障体系、完善节能效益结算机制、完善激励机制、完善法律监督机制完善合同能源管理法律领域落实法治化建设。第四章讨论了我国合同能源管理法治化的两个关键环节:一是确定“合同能源管理”管理机构的法律地位,二是健全合同能源管理的技术等标准法律体系。最后结论是,在现代社会主义市场经济条件下,政府可以采取积极的产业政策、环境政策、财政扶持、税收优惠等手段发挥重要作用。但是,实践表明,仅靠财税、补助等优惠政策还无法快速推动合同能源管理的发展。市场化运作的合同能源管理服务模式成功首要的前提是使节能服务公司和用能单位及相关管理部门都能真正达到双赢乃至多赢的效应。如果合同能源管理中任何一方无法成为合同能源管理服务运行中的赢家,就无法充分调动相关各方的主观能动性和积极性,也就更不可能吸引更多的资本投入合同能源管理领域,在节能技术改进、节能机制创新、节能流程优化等方面得以发展。因此,合同能源管理发展的前提就是构建制度环境的保障。目前,我国合同能源管理法律立法滞后,已不适应合同能源管理的快速发展,合同能源管理的法治化已迫在眉睫。
[Abstract]:Strong typhoons, sandstorms, high temperature droughts, extreme precipitation. In recent years, the global extreme weather occurs frequently and harms more and more seriously. The most important thing is that the global climate warming is caused by excessive consumption of carbon based fuel, and extreme weather is a refraction of energy consumption. The main way to avoid extreme weather is to rely on human beings and pass through the extreme weather. The effective reduction of energy consumption changes the deteriorating environment. With the high development of human productivity and the increasing energy consumption, in order to seek the sustainable development of the economy and society, the energy saving has become the trend of the international economic development. As a big manufacturing country and a big energy consumption country, our country is responsible and active in reducing carbon. Emissions, energy saving and emission reduction are identified as a basic national policy, and actively strive to improve the efficiency of energy utilization and build a resource saving society. Because energy saving is involved in a wide range of technologies, and most of the energy saving and emission reduction is a big investment, it is not enough to promote energy saving and reduce consumption by the country. We should actively cultivate the energy saving service market, fully mobilize the participation of all aspects of the market, and promote energy saving and consumption reduction. The energy management of the contract is one of the energy saving service modes that mobilize the market forces to participate in the energy conservation.
The contract energy management is a new market-oriented energy saving mechanism. The contract energy management refers to the contract energy management contract between the companies engaged in energy saving services and the energy use units, providing the users with energy saving diagnosis, financing, transformation and other services, and reducing the investment and obtaining the reasonable profit by the way of energy saving benefit sharing, which can be greatly reduced. It is an effective energy saving measure to use energy units to save energy and technical risks and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of energy conservation reform in energy use units. The essence of the contract energy management is to pay a certain proportion to pay the investment and profit of the contract energy management service agency by a certain proportion. Its characteristic is to reduce the energy consumption list. The capital, technology and risk of energy saving are required to reduce the energy cost faster and gain the benefits of the implementation of energy saving. If the market mechanism of "contract energy management" can be fully played, the effect of energy saving will be very significant. Before the eyes, our government has applied the preferential policies such as finance and tax, subsidies and so on. To support the promotion of the development of energy management in contract, a good policy effect has been achieved, but it is necessary to ensure that the preferential policies to support the energy management of the contract are in place.
This article uses the cross research method, the exploratory research method, through the literature research and the theoretical application research, discusses the necessity and the basic path of the rule of law of energy management in our country. The full text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter discusses the basic connotation and characteristics of the energy management of contract, and expounds the basic connotation and characteristics of the energy management of the contract, and analyzes the energy management of the contract. The second chapter analyzes the nature of the contract energy management contract. The article proposes that the properties of the contract energy management contract are civil contract and the atypical contract. In view of the typicality and applicability of the contract energy management, it is suggested that the contract energy management contract be typified actively. The third chapter analyzes the contract energy of our country. According to the particularity of China's energy management, combining with the particularity of China's energy management, the path of the rule of law of China's contract energy management is put forward. First, the rule of law construction of contract energy management is viewed from the strategic height of the rule of law. Secondly, the principle of encouragement, promotion and guidance, opening, neutrality principle, and the principle of neutrality, and the principle of coordination are the three principles to promote the contract In the end, the fourth chapter discusses two key links in the rule of law of China's contract energy management: first, two key links are discussed. The legal status of the "contract energy management" management organization, two is to improve the standard legal system of energy management of contract. Finally, under the condition of modern socialist market economy, the government can take active industrial policy, environmental policy, financial support, tax incentives and other means to play an important role. However, the practice table is made. It is clear that the preferential policies such as financial and tax only, subsidies and other preferential policies can not quickly promote the development of contract energy management. The primary prerequisite of the successful market operation contract energy management service model is to make the energy saving service companies and energy use units and related management departments achieve a win-win and more win-win effect. If any of the contract energy management is in any one, It is impossible to become a winner in the operation of the contract energy management service. It is impossible to fully mobilize the subjective initiative and enthusiasm of the relevant parties. It is also impossible to attract more capital into the energy management area of the contract. It can be developed in the aspects of energy saving technology improvement, energy saving mechanism innovation and energy saving process optimization. Therefore, the contract energy management is developed. The premise of the development is to build the guarantee of the system environment. At present, the legal legislation of the contract energy management is lagging behind in our country, which has not adapted to the rapid development of the energy management of the contract, and the rule of law of the energy management of the contract is imminent.

【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.67;F206

【引证文献】