警察权的失范与规制的法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 07:46

本文选题：警察权 + 失范　；参考：《东北大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：警察权是国家公共权力的重要组成部分。如同国家权力具有双韧性一样,警察权既可以是维护秩序、保障人权的工具,也可能异化为凌驾于社会之上、服务于专制和暴政的工具；既可能在民主与法治的结构中良性运行,也可能超越民主和法治的结构而胡作非为。警察权的失范是一个亟待解决的常态问题。警察权失范的根本原因是：警察权过于“强大”与“自主”,既压缩了公民权利,也使得其他权力无法对其有效发挥制约作用。本文试图分析警察权失范的原因,借鉴国外的经验,弥补我国的不足,论述对警察权的内部规制和外部规制,解决警察权的失范。本文除了绪论和结论外,正文主要分为四个部分。第一部分主要是详细介绍了警察权及其失范的概述,包括警察权及其失范的概念、特征、性质以及起源和发展变化等情况。第二部分主要阐述警察权失范的表现形式和成因,在失范表现方面主要包括超越法律授权、行政行为的不作为、错误的履行职责和违反法定程序等情形；而对于问题的成因方面包括警察法律素质不高、公民权利的虚化、行政复议的监督制约作用乏力以及行政诉讼的监督制约作用有限等方面。第三部分主要借鉴外国对警察权的规制,论述了美国采用分权制衡的方法、英国采用议会主权下三权分立以及日本采用司法审查令状主义的方法。最后第四部分主要是通过在对外国的借鉴启示的基础上,得出适应我国的内部和外部对警察权规制的法律方法及现实可行的对策。
[Abstract]:Police power is an important part of national public power. Just as state power has dual toughness, police power can be not only a tool for maintaining order and protecting human rights, but also a tool for overriding society and serving autocracy and tyranny. It can work well in the structure of democracy and rule of law, or go beyond the structure of democracy and rule of law. The loss of police power is a normal problem to be solved. The fundamental reason of the police power abomination is that the police power is too "powerful" and "autonomous", which not only compresses the civil rights, but also makes other powers unable to play an effective role in restricting them. This paper attempts to analyze the reasons of the police power absences, draw lessons from foreign experience, make up for the deficiency of our country, discuss the internal and external regulation of the police power, and solve the problem of the police power irregularity. In addition to the introduction and conclusions, the text is mainly divided into four parts. The first part mainly introduces the outline of police power and its anomie in detail, including the concept, characteristics, nature, origin, development and change of police power and its abnormalcy. The second part mainly expounds the forms and causes of the police power anomie, which mainly includes exceeding the legal authorization, the omission of the administrative act, the wrong performance of duty and the violation of the legal procedure. The causes of the problem include the low legal quality of the police, the vanity of civil rights, the lack of supervision and restriction of administrative reconsideration and the limited supervision and restriction of administrative litigation. The third part mainly draws lessons from the foreign regulation to the police power, discusses the method of the separation of powers in the United States, the separation of powers under the sovereignty of Parliament in the United Kingdom and the method of judicial review writ in Japan. Finally, the fourth part is mainly on the basis of reference to foreign countries, draw the legal methods and practical countermeasures to adapt to the internal and external regulation of police power in China.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.14

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