青霉素菌丝体理化特性和化学法制备活性炭的研究

发布时间：2018-09-10 13:26

【摘要】： 本论文从制药废发酵青霉素菌丝体的资源化出发,以制药厂青霉素废菌丝体为原料,研究了菌丝体的理化特性,采用化学法制备活性炭,提出了制药废菌丝体资源化的一种新的利用途径。 前期研究了青霉素菌丝体的理化特性,实验采用重量法分析了废菌丝体样品的含水率、挥发分、灰分,用氧氮量热分析仪分析了废菌丝体样品的热值,用原子吸收、冷原子吸收等方法分析了其中的重金属组成及含量,并用容量法氟硅酸钾容量法、EDTA容量法、铜盐回滴法等分析了菌丝体灰分中SiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3、CaO、MgO的含量及组成。分析结果表明华北制药厂菌丝体灰分小于10%,热值为21130 kJ/kg,无机物含量(SiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3、CaO、MgO)均低于10%;采用元素分析仪(Vario EL CUBE)检测了C、H、O、N、S五种元素含量,青霉素菌丝碳含量高(一般在45%左右),其中含有大量有机物;采用高效液相色谱荧光检测十五种多环芳香烃,低于国家危险固体废物鉴别标准中规定的多环芳香烃列入的物质含量(GB 5085.6-2007)。制药厂青霉素菌丝体可以满足用于生产工业应用活性炭的条件。 采用化学活化法,以ZnCl2为活化剂、废菌丝体为原料制备粉末活性炭,研究活化工艺对制备的活性炭吸附性能、比表面积、产率的影响。通过对活化剂浓度、活化时间和活化温度等工艺条件的研究表明,工艺条件对活性炭吸附性能、比表面积影响程度依次为:活化温度活化剂浓度炭化时间固液比。 本研究通过热重分析以及正交实验得到最佳制备菌丝体活性炭的工艺条件即活化温度为500℃,炭化时间为2 h,ZnCl2浓度是20%,固液比为1:2,活化时间为0.5 h,制得活性炭的碘值范围在682~700 mg·g-1之间,亚甲基蓝吸附量为14.67~14.7 mg·g-1,比表面积为179 m2·g-1,活性炭的产率为15%~25%之间,。 实验表明,以微生物制药青霉素废菌丝体为主要原料制备活性炭,不仅解决了大量废菌丝体处理的难题,而且生产出性能较好的活性炭,体现循环经济提倡的生态经济模式,构建成一个“资源—产品—再生资源”的物质反复循环流动的过程,具有良好的环境效益和社会效益。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the physical and chemical properties of penicillin waste mycelium from pharmaceutical factory were studied, and activated carbon was prepared by chemical method. A new way of utilization of waste mycelium was put forward. The physicochemical properties of penicillin mycelia were studied in the early stage. The moisture content, volatile matter, ash content of waste mycelium samples were analyzed by gravimetric method, the calorific value of waste mycelia samples was analyzed by oxygen and nitrogen calorimetry, and atomic absorption was used. The composition and content of heavy metals were analyzed by cold atomic absorption spectrometry. The content and composition of SiO2,Fe2O3,Al2O3,CaO,MgO in the ash of mycelia were analyzed by volumetric potassium fluorosilicate volumetric method and copper salt back drop method. The results showed that the ash content of mycelia in North China Pharmaceutical Factory was less than 10, and the calorific value of 21130 kJ/kg, inorganic matter content (SiO2,Fe2O3,Al2O3,CaO,MgO) was lower than 10%. Penicillin mycelium has a high carbon content (usually around 45%), which contains a large amount of organic matter. Fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Below the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (GB 5085.6-2007) specified in the national standard for the identification of hazardous solid wastes. Penicillin mycelium in pharmaceutical factory can meet the conditions of industrial application of activated carbon. The activated carbon powder was prepared by chemical activation method with ZnCl2 as activator and waste mycelia as raw material. The effects of activation process on adsorption performance, specific surface area and yield of activated carbon were studied. Through the study of activation agent concentration, activation time and activation temperature, it is shown that the influence of the process conditions on the adsorption performance and specific surface area of activated carbon is as follows: activation temperature activator concentration carbonization time solid-liquid ratio. Through thermogravimetric analysis and orthogonal experiment, the optimum technological conditions for preparation of mycelial activated carbon were obtained, that is, the activation temperature was 500 鈩，

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