从农村到城市:苗族人口流动与文化变迁

发布时间：2019-05-28 13:31

【摘要】：考察了自20世纪80年代以来,居住在中国农村的苗族人口大量流动到中国沿海各大城市工作,给人口流出地苗族文化传承带来的危机和给人口流入地苗族人身份认同以及社会适应带来的挑战。通过与从东南亚流动到美国、澳大利亚的苗族比较研究:一方面,在全球化现代化的背景下,中国苗族人口从农村到城市的流动与苗族从老挝流动到西方国家在相当程度上面临一些相同的问题,比如:城市生活的适应困难、传统文化的消解,以及身份认同的危机。另一方面,中国苗族也有不同的地方,即他们的流入地与流出地都处于同一个国家之内,在距离上和国家制度上提供了苗族流动者返回家乡的可能。事实上,很多苗族流动者只是打算在人生的某一阶段在异地流动,这对于中国的苗族流动者来说,他们和家乡的联系,以及与传统文化的纽带,比在异国的流动者有更多密切的关系。另外,中国苗族还面对自己的特殊性:农村苗族村寨原本是他们传统文化的储藏地,现在却出现了"空巢化"——村子里面只剩下老人、小孩和一部分妇女。中国苗族人口流动在传承传统文化和保持身份认同方面有自己的优势和困境。如何面对全世界苗族共同遇到的传统文化消解和苗族身份认同危机,中国苗族可以更强烈的文化自觉,发挥优势化解困境。
[Abstract]:This paper investigates that since the 1980s, a large number of Miao people living in rural China have moved to work in major cities along the coast of China. The crisis to the cultural inheritance of the Miao nationality and the challenge to the identity and social adaptation of the Miao nationality. Through a comparative study with the Miao nationality from Southeast Asia to the United States and Australia: on the one hand, in the context of globalization and modernization, The flow of Miao population from rural to urban in China and the migration of Miao from Laos to western countries face some of the same problems to a certain extent, such as the difficulty of adapting to urban life, the digestion of traditional culture, and the crisis of identity. On the other hand, the Miao nationality in China also has different places, that is, their places of entry and outflow are in the same country, which provides the possibility of the return of Miao migrants to their hometown in terms of distance and national system. In fact, many Miao migrants only intend to move in different places at a certain stage of their lives, which is for Chinese Miao migrants, their ties to their hometown and their ties to traditional culture. There are more close relationships than the migrants in a foreign country. In addition, the Miao nationality in China also faces its own particularity: the rural Miao village used to be the storage place of their traditional culture, but now there is "empty nesting"-there are only old people, children and some women left in the village. The population mobility of Miao nationality in China has its own advantages and difficulties in inheriting traditional culture and maintaining identity. In the face of the traditional culture digestion and Miao identity crisis encountered by the Miao nationality all over the world, the Miao nationality in China can have a stronger cultural consciousness and give full play to their advantages to solve the predicament.
【作者单位】：贵州大学人文学院;
【基金】：贵州大学第三期“211”重点学科建设项目“民族区域发展学”子课题“苗族打工人群传统文化异地传承”(合同编号:27)课题成果国家社科基金“美国苗族移民的海外民族志研究”(批准号:12XMZ028)阶段性成果之一
【分类号】：C922

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