我国农村计划生育政策执行问题研究

发布时间：2019-05-29 08:30

【摘要】：新中国成立60多年来,我国作为一个典型的农村人口占总人口绝对比重的传统型农业大国,一直都遭受着人口众多这一基本国情的困扰,人口问题历来都是阻滞我国实现全面、协调、可持续发展的重大基本问题之一。新世纪以来,人口问题更是成为影响我国经济社会协调全面发展的至关要素,成为影响我国宏观经济社会发展进程的重大战略性综合问题。作为我国的一项基本国策,计划生育实施30多年来,为有效控制全社会的人口过快增加做出了突出贡献：全国至少少生育4亿多人口,并推进我国的人口规模实现由“高、低、高”模式走向“低、低、低”模式,成功完成由过渡型人口再生产类型转向现代型人口再生产类型的历史蜕变。然而,尽管如此,我们仍旧必须承认我国的人口控制状态依然不平衡、不稳定,尤其是在广大农村——这一计划生育工作的重点与难点区域内更是问题重重,并不断面临新的挑战：超生屡禁不止、出生性别比偏高；农村人口流动性加剧；人口老龄化,人口结构分布失衡；村镇基层自治能力较弱；等等。现阶段,广大群众的生育观念还未实现全面扭转,人口控制依旧主要依托于计划生育政策执行所带来的外生效果。因此,计划生育政策在广大农村地区的执行质量严重制约着我国整个计生工作的成效,影响着我国的人口现状。总的来说,当前计划生育政策在广大农村地区的执行已面临相对尴尬的局面：首先,计划生育政策本身更新相对滞后,一定程度上阻滞着计生政策的顺利执行；其次,我国特有的人口文化与人口素质影响执行对象对计生政策执行的认可；再次,基层政策执行部门失职、渎职、违法行政、监督软化等问题严重影响计生政策在广大农村地区的顺利执行；最后,配套政策体系不健全、政策宣传不到位等政策执行环境建设与计生政策执行需求不匹配,影响计划生育政策在广大农村地区的顺利执行。本文首先从计划生育政策在广大农村地区执行过程中存在的系列问题入手,然后详细阐释致使这些问题产生的原因,从而有针对性的提出了有助于我国计生政策在广大农村地区执行质量提高和有利于促进我国人口问题现状改善的对策措施。本篇文章总体分为四个大的章节：第一章节是绪论,主要概述本文选题的研究背景与研究意义、国内外的相关文献综述、研究方法、研究内容等；第二章节是相关概念界定与理论基础分析,以为下文研究奠定一定的理论基础和建构理论框架；第三章节主要对计生政策在广大农村地区的执行现状进行了分析,主要包括计划生育政策执行过程中已取得的成就和存在的问题,并详细阐述了相应问题；第四章节主要是对农村计生政策实施过程中所面临的系列问题进行了探究思考,并对促进农村计划生育政策执行质量的提高提出了有效的实施建议。
[Abstract]:Since the founding of the people's Republic of China more than 60 years ago, China, as a typical traditional agricultural country with an absolute proportion of the rural population in the total population, has been beset by the basic national conditions of a large population, and the population problem has always been a hindrance to the realization of China in an all-round way. One of the major basic problems of coordination and sustainable development. Since the new century, the population problem has become the most important factor affecting the coordinated and all-round development of China's economy and society, and has become a major strategic and comprehensive issue affecting the process of macroeconomic and social development in China. As a basic national policy of our country, family planning has made outstanding contributions to effectively controlling the excessive increase in the population of the whole society in the past 30 years or so: at least 400 million fewer people have been born throughout the country, and the population scale of our country has been promoted from "high to low." The high "model" moves to the "low, low" mode, and the historical transformation from the transitional population reproduction type to the modern population reproduction type has been successfully completed. Nevertheless, we must recognize that the state of population control in our country remains uneven and unstable, especially in the vast rural areas, where the focus and difficulty of family planning work is fraught with problems, And continue to face new challenges: superlife repeatedly banned, birth sex ratio is on the high side; The rural population mobility intensifies; the population ages, the population structure distribution is unbalanced; the village grass-roots autonomy ability is weak; and so on. At present, the fertility concept of the masses has not been completely reversed, and population control is still mainly based on the exogenous effects of the implementation of the family planning policy. Therefore, the implementation quality of family planning policy in the vast rural areas seriously restricts the effectiveness of the whole family planning work in our country, and affects the population status of our country. Generally speaking, the implementation of the family planning policy in the vast rural areas has been faced with a relatively awkward situation: first, the renewal of the family planning policy itself is relatively lagging behind, to a certain extent, hinders the smooth implementation of the family planning policy; Secondly, the unique population culture and population quality in our country affect the recognition of the implementation of family planning policy by the object of implementation. Thirdly, the problems such as dereliction of duty, illegal administration and supervision softened by the grass-roots policy implementation departments seriously affect the smooth implementation of the family planning policy in the vast rural areas. Finally, the supporting policy system is not perfect, the policy publicity is not in place and other policy implementation environmental construction and family planning policy implementation needs do not match, affecting the smooth implementation of family planning policy in the vast rural areas. This paper begins with a series of problems existing in the implementation of the family planning policy in the vast rural areas, and then explains in detail the causes of these problems. Therefore, some countermeasures are put forward, which are helpful to improve the quality of family planning policy in rural areas and to improve the present situation of population problems in China. This article is divided into four chapters as a whole: the first chapter is the introduction, which mainly summarizes the research background and significance of this topic, the relevant literature review at home and abroad, research methods, research content and so on; The second chapter is the definition of related concepts and the analysis of theoretical basis, which lays a certain theoretical foundation and constructs the theoretical framework for the following research. The third chapter mainly analyzes the current situation of the implementation of family planning policy in rural areas, including the achievements and existing problems in the implementation of family planning policy, and expounds the corresponding problems in detail. The fourth chapter mainly discusses a series of problems in the implementation of rural family planning policy, and puts forward effective implementation suggestions to promote the quality of rural family planning policy implementation.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：C924.21

【相似文献】