执行参与分配程序中的优先权问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 11:21

本文选题：优先权 + 参与分配　；参考：《暨南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：执行程序的参与分配制度是指在被执行人的财产不足以清偿全部债权人债权时,对被执行人的财产按照一定的原则在各债权人中进行分配的制度。在法院启动参与分配程序对案款进行实际处理时,需解决的最重要的问题是各债权人的分配顺序问题。在社会利益多元化的今天,案款分配时需考虑与平衡的利益较多,加之我国目前的法律对于执行参与分配环节中某一特种债权是否享有优先权、各种优先权之间的优位顺序应如何确定等问题无明确规定,实务中各地法院对这个问题理解不尽统一,操作起来无统一规范的原则,从而损害了司法的严肃性和权威性,因此,研究参与分配程序中的优先权问题有其现实意义。本文从执行工作实务出发,在研究各地法院现行做法的基础上,提出并分析现阶段参与分配程序中应予优先受偿的优先权种类及各优先权的优位顺序。文章从三个方面对此问题进行论述:第一章,“参与分配程序中涉及的优先权”。本章阐明了优先权的概念,认为优先权是在发生冲突的民事权利中,按照规定或约定可优先于其他民事权利实现的民事权利。根据不同标准,优先权可分为一般优先权和特别优先权、动产优先权和不动产优先权等种类。根据我国现有法律规定,涉及民事优先权的类型主要有先取特权、优先受偿权、优先购买权等。在参与分配程序中,最高法院关于适用民诉法的解释与执行工作若干规定中,均提到了享有优先权的债权可优于普通债权受偿,但对于优先权的具体范围均未作明确的说明。笔者根据相关法律规定和执行实务中优先权保护的情况进行总结,认为参与分配程序中的优先权有以下种类:(1)执行费用优先权;(2)劳动债权优先权;(3)人身性质债权优先权;(4)被执行人基本生活保障费用优先权;(5)已交付全部或大部分款项的商品房买受人(消费者)优先权;(6)应退受教育者学杂费用及教职工工资、社保费用优先权;(7)建设工程价款优先权;(8)船舶优先权;(9)民用航空器优先权;(10)土地使用权出让金优先权;(11)基于保留所有权或未转移登记而产生的剩余价款优先受偿权;(12)担保物权的优先受偿权;(13)税收优先权;(14)首查封优先权等。第二章“司法实践的现状”,介绍北京、浙江、广东法院目前在参与分配程序中对优先权问题认识和把握的现状。北京法院实务中在参与分配程序中予以考虑保护的优先权主要有:担保物权的优先受偿权、建设工程款优先权、已交付全部或大部分款项的商品房买受人(消费者)优先权、劳动债权优先权、船舶优先权、民用航空器优先权、应退受教育者学杂费用及教职工工资、社保费用优先权、首查封优先权、土地出让金优先权等。浙江法院目前参与分配程序中考虑的优先权主要包括:担保物权的优先权、船舶优先权、民用航空器优先权、建设工程价款优先权、土地使用权出让金优先权、税收优先权、应退受教育者学杂费用优先权、已交付全部或大部分款项的商品房买受人(消费者)优先权、基于保留所有权或未转移登记而产生的剩余价款优先受偿权和首查封优先权。广东法院目前在参与分配程序中考虑的优先有:执行费用优先权、劳动债权优先权、担保物权优先权、首查封优先权等优先权。各地法院对优先权种类的认识并不完全一致,实际操作层面对各种优先权保护的力度,所确定各优先权的优位顺序亦不同。第三章“各项优先权之间的优位顺序”,认为参与分配程序中涉及的上述14种优先权应分为五个顺位受偿。第一顺位为执行费用,包括申请执行费、诉讼费和公益费用;第二顺位为涉及基本生存权的优先权,包括劳动债权优先权、人身性质债权优先权、被执行人基本生活保障费用优先权、已交付全部或大部分款项的商品房买受人(消费者)优先权、应退受教育者学杂费用及教职工工资、社保费用优先权;第三顺位为对特殊标的享有的优先权,包括建设工程价款优先权、船舶优先权、民用航空器优先权、土地使用权出让金优先权、基于保留所有权或未转移登记而产生的剩余价款优先受偿权;第四顺位为担保物权的优先权与税收优先权;第五顺位为首查封优先权。在前顺位的优先权先于在后顺位的优先权受偿。对于同一顺位的各项优先权,除法律有特别规定外,按比例受偿。
[Abstract]:The system of participation and distribution of the execution procedure refers to the system of distribution of the property of the executor to the creditors in accordance with certain principles when the property is not enough to repay the creditor's rights. The most important problem to be solved is the creditors when the court starts to participate in the actual handling of the cases. In the present situation of the diversity of social interests, it is necessary to consider and balance more interests in the distribution of the cases. In addition, there is no clear regulation on the priority of a special creditor in the implementation of the participation and distribution, and the definite order of the priority order between the various priority rights, and the various local laws in practice. The hospital has no unified understanding of this problem, and it operates without the principle of unified norms, thus damaging the seriousness and authority of the judiciary. Therefore, it is of practical significance to study the priority of participation in the distribution procedure. The priority category and priority order which should be given priority in the distribution procedure and the priority order of each priority. The article discusses this question from three aspects: the first chapter, "the priority involved in the distribution procedure". This chapter clarifies the concept of priority, that the priority is in the civil rights of the conflict, according to the rules or stipulations. According to different standards, priority can be divided into general priority and special priority, chattel priority and real estate priority. According to the existing laws of China, the types of civil priority are mainly preemptive privileges, priority of compensation, preemptive right and so on. In the procedure, the Supreme Court, in the interpretation and implementation of the applicable civil procedure law, mentioned that the creditor's right of priority is better than the ordinary claim, but the specific scope of the priority is not clearly explained. There are the following categories in the distribution procedure: (1) the execution of the cost priority; (2) the priority of labor claims; (3) the right of personal claims; (4) the priority of the basic living security cost of the executor; (5) the priority of the buyer (consumer) of all or most of the money delivered; (6) the educator should learn to miscellaneous expenses and teachers. The priority of the wage and social insurance cost; (7) the priority of the construction price; (8) the priority of the ship; (9) the civil aircraft priority; (10) the priority of the grant of the land use right; (11) the priority of the remainder based on the retention of ownership or the non transfer of registration; (12) the priority of compensation for the real right of security; (13) tax priority; and (14) first sealing up the advantage. The second chapter, "the current situation of judicial practice", introduces the current situation of understanding and grasping the priority issues in Beijing, Zhejiang and Guangdong courts in the participation in the distribution procedure. The priority of the Beijing court practice in the participation in the distribution procedure is mainly: the priority of the right of guarantee, the priority of the construction project, the priority of the construction project The priority right of the buyer (consumer), the priority of the labor claim, the priority of the ship's creditor, the priority of the ship, the priority of the civil aircraft, the priority of the educator and the staff, the priority of the social security cost, the first priority, the priority of the land grant, and so on. The Zhejiang court is currently involved in the distribution procedure. The priority rights include: the priority of the security right, the priority of the ship, the priority of the civil aircraft, the priority of the construction price, the priority of the grant of the land use right, the priority of the tax revenue, the priority of the educator's miscellaneous expenses, and the priority of the buyer (consumer) of all or most of the goods delivered, based on all the reservations. The priority of the priority of the Guangdong court at present in the distribution procedure is: the priority of the execution of the cost, the priority of the labor claim, the priority of the security right, the priority of the priority, and the priority of the priority. The third chapter, "the order of priority among the priorities", holds that the above 14 priority rights involved in the allocation program should be divided into five CIS. The first is the execution cost, including the application fee, the litigation fee and the public. The second position is the priority of the basic right of survival, including the priority of labor claims, the priority right of the personal property rights, the priority of the basic living security cost of the executive, the priority of the buyer (consumer), which has been delivered to the commercial house of all or most of the money, and should be rejected by the educator to learn the miscellaneous expenses and the wages of the staff and the social security expenses. Priority is the priority of the third, including the priority of the special bid, including the priority of the construction price, the priority of the ship, the priority of the civil aircraft, the priority of the grant of the land use right, the priority of the remainder price based on the retention of ownership or the non transfer of registration, and the priority of the fourth position as the priority of the security right and the advantage of the tax. Priority is given first; the priority of the first five is precedence. The priority right in the front is preceded by the priority of the following position. For the priority of the same place, the priority is paid in proportion to the law except the law.

【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D925.1

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