辽宁省化解过剩产能过程中富余职工安置的对策研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 13:54

本文选题：经济增长 + 产能过剩　；参考：《东北财经大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：2013年以来,辽宁省经济持续下行,大多数行业出现产能过剩,已经有相当规模的职工处于下岗和休息状态。本文首先从产能过剩入手,对产能过剩内涵界定、测度方法和产能过剩的主要类型进行了概括性阐述。在对辽宁省产能状况进行分析后发现:辽宁省目前41个行业中有35个行业存在程度不同的产能过剩;辽宁省的冶金工业、煤炭工业和装备制造业是产能过剩的重点,产能过剩的企业主要为国有企业;产能过剩问题在传统行业和新兴行业中同时存在。本文的第二部分对全国和辽宁省经济增长与就业之间的相关性进行了定量分析,结果发现,全国层面及辽宁省层面的经济增长与就业之间存在弱相关性。经济增长与分行业就业的相关性程度存在差异,第一产业的就业比重与经济增长呈现负相关关系,第三产业的就业比重与经济增长呈现正相关关系,第二产业就业波动与经济增长波动之间的相关程度存在明显的"共振"现象。本文对辽宁省近年来城乡就业的演进趋势进行了分析,发现辽宁省城乡就业人口向第三产业转移,第三产业中传统服务业就业比重下降,其中,工业行业的职工分布又具有如下三个特点:一是冶金工业和装备制造业是工业行业就业的主体,其中,国有工业企业职工占相当高的比例;二是过剩产能行业的职工多达300余万人,占规模以上工业企业职工的900%以上;三是工业行业就业周期性特征明显,表明此轮产能过剩中,大批职工面临下岗的危险。本部分还对产能过剩和职工富余的形成原因进行了初步的分析。在产能过剩行业中,2014和2015年以及2016年上半年已经下岗的职工约25万人。目前在岗但属于休息和半休息的职工按最低比例25%计算,估计富余职工的人员约为75万人。也就是说,目前辽宁省产能过剩行业已经下岗、在岗但属于富余的职工达百万以上。本文的第三部分对德国、法国和英国的过剩产能化解策略进行了一般性的概述,发现这三个国家老工业基地的转型有四个共同之处:一是老工业基地转型时间较长,都在40年以上,有的现在还处于转型阶段;二是主导传统产业大多通过合并重组化解过剩产能;三是第三产业发展较快,成为老工业基地的支柱产业和吸收就业的主要领域;四是老工业基地的人口减少,人口外迁现象比较明显。通过比较这三个国家在经济转型过程中所颁布和实施的促进就业的法律、政策,以及具体措施,发现其共同特点:一是促进就业是任何政党执政的中心工作;二是运用法律并不断促进就业;三是在生活救助与逼迫就业上寻找平衡点,兼顾公平与效率;四是坚持分类指导,精准促进不同群体实现就业;五是建立全国性的培训机构,针对在岗、转岗、失业人员等均有长短期的实用培训,采取的方式既有政府的机构,又有市场中介组织;六是注意发挥企业的作用。对接受下岗职工的企业有补助,对减少下岗职工政府给予"稳岗补贴"。本文的最后部分对辽宁省促进就业提出了一系列的政策建议。主要包括:第一,创新促进就业理念,即共享、尊严、创新理念;第二,完善促进就业体制,建立多元失业就业动态监测体系,建立富余职工安置的民主制度,完善富余职工安置的政策措施;第三,建立促进就业的机制,调动企业积极性,鼓励内部退养,依法依规解除劳动合同,鼓励职工自主创业;第四,建立富余职工的救援机制,政府提供公益性就业岗位,建立和完善下岗再就业培训机构和制度,加大对就业困难下岗职工的社会救助力度,并形成与社保制度相配合的体系。
[Abstract]:Since 2013, the economy of Liaoning province has continued to descend, most of the industries have been overcapacity, and a considerable number of workers have been laid off and rest. First, from overcapacity, this paper gives a general description of the definition of overcapacity, the measure method and the main types of overcapacity. In Liaoning, the production capacity is divided into two parts. After analysis, it is found that there are 35 industries with different overcapacity in the 41 industries of Liaoning, the metallurgical industry of Liaoning, the coal industry and the equipment manufacturing industry are the focus of overcapacity, and the enterprises with excess capacity are mainly state-owned enterprises; the problem of overcapacity exists simultaneously in the traditional industry and the emerging industry. The second part of this paper The quantitative analysis of the correlation between economic growth and employment in Liaoning and China shows that there is a weak correlation between the economic growth and employment at the level of the national and Liaoning provinces. The correlation between economic growth and the employment of sub industries is different, and the employment proportion of the first industry has a negative correlation with the economic growth. The employment proportion of the third industry has a positive correlation with the economic growth, and the correlation between the employment fluctuation of the second industry and the fluctuation of economic growth has a obvious "resonance" phenomenon. This paper analyses the evolution trend of the employment of urban and rural areas in Liaoning Province in recent years, and finds that the employment population of Liaoning province is transferred to the third industry and the third industry. The proportion of employment in the traditional service industry is declining. Among them, the distribution of workers in the industrial industry has three characteristics as follows: first, the metallurgical industry and the equipment manufacturing industry are the main body of employment in the industrial industry. Among them, the employees of the state-owned industrial enterprises account for a fairly high proportion; the two is over 300 workers in the surplus capacity industry, accounting for the industrial enterprises above the scale of scale. More than 900% of the employees and three are the obvious periodicity of employment in the industrial industry, which indicates that in this round of overcapacity, a large number of workers are in danger of being laid off. This part also makes a preliminary analysis of the causes of excess capacity and the formation of surplus workers. In the excess capacity industry, about 25 of the workers who have been laid off in the first half of the year and in the first half of 2016. At present, the workers who are at post but belong to rest and half rest are calculated at a minimum ratio of 25%, with an estimated staff of about 750 thousand people. That is to say, the surplus production industry in Liaoning is now laid off, but the surplus workers are over million. The third part of this article will dissolve excess capacity in Germany, France and the UK. A general overview is carried out, and it is found that the transformation of the old industrial bases in these three countries has four common points: one is that the old industrial base has a long transition time, all are over 40 years, some are still in the transitional stage, and the two is that the dominant traditional industries are mostly through merger and reorganization to dissolve excess capacity; three is the third industry is developing faster and becoming the old. The pillar industry of the industrial base and the main areas to absorb employment; four is the reduction of the population of the old industrial base and the apparent migration of the population. By comparing the laws, policies, and concrete measures that the three countries have promulgated and implemented in the process of economic transformation, the common characteristics are found: first, the promotion of employment is any government. The central work of the party in power; two is the use of the law and continuous promotion of employment; the three is to find a balance point in life assistance and forced employment, take into account fairness and efficiency; four is to adhere to the guidance of the classification, to promote the precision of different groups to achieve employment; five is to establish a national training institution, in view of the work in the post, transfer, unemployed and so on are long short term There are both government institutions and market intermediary organizations in the way of training, and six is to give full play to the role of the enterprise. It has a subsidy to the enterprises that accept the laid-off workers, and gives a "steady post subsidy" to reduce the laid-off workers' government. The last part of this article puts forward a series of policy suggestions on the promotion of employment in Liaoning province. The main includes: first, innovation Promote the concept of employment, namely, sharing, dignity, and innovative ideas; second, improve the employment system, establish a dynamic monitoring system for multiple unemployment employment, establish a democratic system for the resettlement of surplus workers, and improve the policies and measures for the resettlement of surplus workers; third, establish the mechanism for promoting employment, mobilize the enthusiasm of the enterprise, encourage the internal retreat, and release it according to the law. The labor contract will encourage the workers to start their own business; fourth, to establish the rescue mechanism for the surplus workers, the government to provide public welfare jobs, to establish and perfect the laid-off reemployment training institutions and systems, to increase the social assistance to the laid-off workers with difficulty in employment, and to form a system of coordination with the social security system.

【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F249.27

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