农村老年多维贫困的精准测量与影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-10-08 15:54

【摘要】：精准扶贫的关键不仅在于如何对扶贫对象进行精准测量,更需要对其致因进行分析。农村贫困老年是在扶贫过程中不可忽视的群体,农村老年贫困不仅仅是某一维度的贫困,而应该是在收入、健康、生活水平、社会保障等方面处于一种被剥夺状态。基于2011-2012年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)的数据,采用多维贫困的度量方法,分析了农村老年陷入四维、五维、六维贫困时的区域性差异、各个指标的贡献度及其贫困致因,力图从多方面展现农村老年贫困的现状及背后的影响因素。研究发现:当农村老年陷入四维贫困时,中部地区的贫困发生率和多维贫困指数要高于西部;当陷入五维贫困时,西部地区的贫困发生率和多维贫困指数要高于中部;当陷入六维贫困时,中西部的贫困发生率相同,但是中部的多维贫困指数略高于西部地区。在具体指标的贡献度上,养老金这一指标对农村老年多维贫困的贡献度最大。在对农村老年陷入多维贫困的影响因素进行分析时,个体的社会参与对该群体摆脱四维、五维贫困时具有重要作用,但是当这一群体陷入更深层次的贫困状态时,家庭结构类型就能起到显著作用。这说明在缓解农村老年贫困时,不仅要注重发挥其主体性参与的作用,更应该重视家庭对该群体的影响。基于以上结论,政府应促进农村老年的社会参与,对子女日常照料和情感支持给予适当补贴,充分发挥乡规民约在鼓励农村老年参与脱贫中的作用,并将农村老年精准扶贫与实现积极老龄化理念有机结合。
[Abstract]:The key to accurate poverty reduction lies not only in how to measure the target accurately, but also in the analysis of its causes. Rural poor old age is a group that can not be ignored in the process of poverty alleviation. Rural elderly poverty is not only a dimension of poverty, but should be in a state of deprivation in the aspects of income, health, living standard, social security and so on. Based on the (CLHLS) data from 2011-2012, this paper analyzes the regional differences of rural elderly falling into poverty in four dimensions, five dimensions and six dimensions, the contribution of each index and the causes of poverty. This paper tries to show the current situation of rural elderly poverty and the influencing factors from many aspects. It is found that the incidence of poverty and the multidimensional poverty index in the central region are higher than those in the western region when the rural elderly fall into four-dimensional poverty, and the incidence of poverty and the multi-dimensional poverty index in the western region are higher than those in the central region when they fall into five-dimensional poverty. The incidence of poverty in the Midwest is the same when they fall into six-dimensional poverty, but the multi-dimensional poverty index in the central region is slightly higher than that in the west. In terms of the contribution of the specific indicators, pension is the biggest contribution to the rural elderly multi-dimensional poverty. In the analysis of the influencing factors of the rural elderly falling into multi-dimensional poverty, the individual social participation plays an important role in getting rid of the four-dimensional poverty and the five-dimensional poverty, but when the group falls into a deeper level of poverty, the social participation of the individual plays an important role in getting rid of the poverty of four dimensions and five dimensions. The type of family structure can play a significant role. This shows that in alleviating the rural poverty, we should not only pay attention to the role of subjective participation, but also pay attention to the impact of family on this group. Based on the above conclusions, the government should promote the social participation of the rural elderly, give appropriate subsidies to the daily care and emotional support of their children, and give full play to the role of rural regulations in encouraging the rural elderly to participate in poverty eradication. And the rural elderly precision poverty reduction and the realization of the concept of active aging organic combination.
【作者单位】：华中科技大学社会学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金一般项目(16BRK025)的资助
【分类号】：D422.6;F323.8

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