宁夏六盘山区空间贫困格局、风险及调控研究

发布时间：2018-11-10 21:06

【摘要】：农村贫困空间是社会空间不可分割的一部分,其分布特征和演变机理研究一直为乡村地理学和农村社会学研究的主要内容之一。农村贫困格局、贫困风险及调控研究对于识别贫困因素、制作农村贫困地图和丰富农村贫困理论、制定地区扶贫政策都具有重要的理论和现实意义。本研究突破传统的单一收入贫困理论,从地理空间视角着手研究农村贫困问题,构建涵盖自然、经济和社会三大方面的村域空间贫困地理资本指标,分解为26个原始指标或生成指标。将地貌资料查阅和地理信息技术地形诊断相结合,对研究各县区的地貌进行划分；运用简单随机抽样方法和层权分配法计算和分配样本村和样本户量：通过参与式农村评估法和滚雪球调查法进村入户获取调研数据,并对地理资本体系进行分解以获取研究所需的生成数据；基于MATLAB2013a,借助BP神经网络方法对研究区致贫、消贫因素进行空间模拟,输出致贫指数和消贫指数,并通过差运算和条件约束得出和识别空间贫困指数和贫困风险区,最后通过ArcGIS的空间表达模块,完成各县区贫困地图制作。研究发现：(1)经济落后不是宁夏六盘山区之所以贫困的重要原因,经济因素是消贫因素,仅是在缓解贫困的程度上各异；自然因素是导致地区贫困的主要因素,而社会因素在贫困地区较多地呈现致贫性。(2)贫困分布和地貌类型呈现出很强的空间相关性。整体上,河谷平川区消贫能力较强而致贫指数相对较低；相反,黄土丘陵区和土石质山区消贫能力弱而致贫指数相对较高。(3)宁夏六盘山贫困风险区与重度贫困区具有较强的一致性,贫困风险区主要位于第三列弧形山地、葫芦河西南部、茹河北部、隆德县南部整个黄土丘陵区和同心县的中部干旱山区。(4)研究发现,宁夏六盘山区贫困和风险较高是自然因素主导其他因素相互交织的结果。经济方面,贫困地区生活信息化程度低、农户贷款难、农闲经济家庭收入贡献率不高等问题导致经济的缓贫作用得不到彰显；社会方面,贫困人口多、劳动力文盲率高、社会保障体系覆盖不全、居民居住质量低下是主要的社会致贫原因；距离成本高、地形起伏度高、农业灾损率高是重要的自然致贫因素。(5)贫困是地区的贫困,地区贫困导致了人的贫困。遵循贫困动态性、地理性、系统性的基本特点,构建“内源发展,外源拉动”的基本脱贫思路,提出了针对性较强的内源性和外源性的脱贫调控对策。
[Abstract]:Rural poverty space is an inseparable part of social space. The study of its distribution characteristics and evolution mechanism has been one of the main contents of rural geography and rural sociology. The study of rural poverty pattern, poverty risk and adjustment and control has important theoretical and practical significance in identifying poverty factors, making maps of rural poverty and enriching rural poverty theory, and formulating regional poverty alleviation policies. This study breaks through the traditional theory of single income poverty, studies the problem of rural poverty from the perspective of geographical space, and constructs the geographical capital index of rural spatial poverty covering natural, economic and social aspects. Decomposed into 26 original indicators or generated indicators. Combining geomorphological data retrieval with geographic information technology (GIS) topographic diagnosis, the geomorphology of each county and district is divided. Simple random sampling method and layer weight distribution method are used to calculate and distribute sample villages and sample households. And the geographical capital system is decomposed to obtain the generated data needed by the research. Based on MATLAB2013a, BP neural network method is used to simulate the poverty and poverty reduction factors in the study area, and the poverty index and poverty reduction index are outputted, and the spatial poverty index and the poverty risk area are obtained and identified by differential operation and conditional constraints. Finally, through the spatial expression module of ArcGIS, the poverty map of each county and district is made. The results show that: (1) the economic backwardness is not the important reason of poverty in Liupan Mountain area of Ningxia, the economic factor is the anti-poverty factor, but the degree of alleviating poverty is different; Natural factors are the main factors leading to poverty in the region, while social factors are more likely to cause poverty in poor areas. (2) the distribution of poverty and the types of landforms show strong spatial correlation. On the whole, the ability of eliminating poverty is stronger and the index of causing poverty is relatively low in Pingchuan district of river valley. On the contrary, the poverty reduction ability of loess hilly area and the soil-stone mountain area is weak and the poverty index is relatively high. (3) the poverty risk area of Liupanshan Mountain in Ningxia is consistent with that of the severe poverty area, and the poverty risk area is mainly located in the third row arc mountain area. The southern part of Hulu River, Ru Hebei part, the whole loess hilly area in the south of Longde County and the central arid mountain area of Tongxin County. (4) the study found that the poverty and high risk in Liupan mountain area of Ningxia are the result of the intertwining of other factors dominated by natural factors. In terms of economy, the poor areas have low level of life informatization, difficult loans for farmers, and low contribution rate of household income to the rural leisure economy, which lead to economic poverty alleviation. In terms of society, the poor population, the high illiteracy rate of labor force, the incomplete coverage of social security system and the poor living quality of residents are the main causes of social poverty. High distance cost, high terrain fluctuation and high agricultural damage rate are important natural poverty factors. (5) Poverty is regional poverty, which leads to human poverty. Following the basic characteristics of poverty dynamics, rationality and systematicness, this paper constructs the basic idea of "endogenous development and exogenous pull", and puts forward some countermeasures of anti-poverty regulation and control.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323.8

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