安徽农村老年妇女的贫困状况及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 14:21

本文关键词：安徽农村老年妇女的贫困状况及其影响因素研究　出处：《安徽大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：贫困是一个复杂的社会问题,一直以来备受政府和学术界的关注。随着我国老龄化进程的加快,老年人口的规模不断壮大,同时由于男女两性平均预期寿命的差异,老年人口逐渐呈现出女性化的特征。到目前为止,学术界对于农村老年妇女这一贫困的高风险人群的专项研究较少,现有的文献也只是从状况描述、原因分析和对策建议等方面对农村老年妇女的贫困问题进行研究,且几乎都是采用传统的收入消费为标准的贫困测量方法。政府的反贫困工作也未将其纳入重点扶贫对象,她们的生存状况不容乐观。因而,有必要对农村老年妇女的贫困问题给予足够的重视,本文拟把农村老年妇女这一贫困的高危人群作为研究对象,从对象的主观评价出发来研究这一类群体的贫困问题。本文首先利用频数分析法来了解安徽省农村老年妇女的主观贫困水平,然后通过交互列联表和卡方检验分析影响主观贫困的诸多因素与主观贫困状况之间的关系,并进行简单解释,最后将在卡方检验中有显著影响的因子作为自变量,纳入Logistic回归模型中,分析各大类自变量(客观经济状况、人口社会学特征、健康状况、家庭因素和社区环境)对主观贫困状况的影响强度和方向,得出如下结论：第一,在378个有效样本中,自认为“不贫困”的占77.2%(其中“充裕”的占38.0%,一般的占“39.2%”),而主观贫困的占22.8%。而从根据个人实际月平均收入来看,低收入占比82%,中等收入占比13.5%,高收入占比4.5%。与主观贫困水平三类别相比,存在一定的差异。卡方检验的结果表明主客观经济状况之间存在较强的正相关关系。第二,安徽省老年妇女主观贫困的高危人群特征表现为：80岁以上高龄、丧偶、文化程度低、60岁之前无正式工作(务农)、经济困难子女数量多、生活自理能力差、身体健康状况不佳等。第三,在控制客观经济状况和人口社会学特征变量的基础上,通过比较逐步纳入健康状况、家庭因素和社区环境变量后的Nagelkerke R Square值可知,客观经济状况的作用最大,其次是健康状况变量,人口社会学特征和家庭因素的贡献力差别不大,贡献力最小的是社区环境变量。由回归分析结果可知：个人月平均收入、经济收入是否主要来源于养老保险和消费支出是否主要用于健康医疗对老年妇女的主观贫困有显著的影响,但客观经济状况并非是唯一的主要影响因素；在控制客观经济状况变量基础上,健康状况是老年妇女感受主观贫困的最重要因素；老年妇女出现丧偶的情形会增加主观贫困的可能性,而年龄、文化程度、60岁之前的职业性质对老年妇女主观贫困的影响则不明显；家庭因素中的子女数量、居住方式和最近子女地点对老年妇女自身经济状况的评价影响也不明显；社区环境的优劣,也即老年妇女与周围人的横向比较对自身主观经济感受的影响并不显著。根据本文的研究结论,在文章的最后有针对性地提出了具体的缓解农村老年妇女主观贫困问题的对策建议,同时还指出了本文存在的局限性,并对未来主观贫困的研究进行了展望。
[Abstract]:Poverty is a complex social problem, has received the attention of academia and government. With the accelerated aging process, the growing scale of the elderly population, at the same time because of gender differences in the average life expectancy of the elderly population gradually showing feminine characteristics. So far, the academic community for special research fewer elderly women in rural areas of the poverty-stricken people at high risk, the existing literature is just from the situation description, research the poverty problem of rural elderly women cause analysis and countermeasures, and almost all of the poverty measurement method using traditional income consumption standards. The government's anti-poverty work also not be into the key poverty alleviation object, their living situation is not optimistic. Therefore, it is necessary for the problem of poverty in rural elderly women give enough attention, this paper intends to take the rural elderly women As a research object, the poor and high risk population of women is studied from the subjective evaluation of the object to study the poverty of this group.
Firstly, using frequency analysis method to understand the level of subjective poverty of elderly women in rural areas of Anhui Province, and then through the interaction of contingency table and chi square test to analyze the relationship between influence factors of subjective poverty and subjective poverty, and a simple explanation, finally will have a significant impact factor in the Chi square test as independent variables, included in the the Logistic regression model, analysis of various kinds of independent variables (objective economic conditions, demographic characteristics, health status, family factors and community environment) the strength and direction of influence on subjective poverty, draws the following conclusion:
First, in the 378 valid samples, since that "poor" accounted for 77.2% (including "abundance" accounted for 38%, accounting for the "39.2%"), and subjective poverty accounted for 22.8%. according to the average income of the individual actual month, low income accounted for 82%, moderate income accounted for 13.5%, high compared with 4.5%. and the income level of subjective poverty in three categories, there are some differences. The chi square test results show that there is a strong correlation between the subjective and objective economic conditions.
Second, the characteristics of high-risk groups of elderly women in Anhui province are: over 80 years old, widowed, low education level, no official work before 60 years old (farming), a large number of economically disadvantaged children, poor self-care ability and poor physical health.
Third, based on the control objective economic conditions and demographic characteristics variables, by comparing gradually into the health status of Nagelkerke R Square family factors and community environment variable values after the objective economic status of the largest, followed by health status variables, the contribution of different demographic and sociological characteristics and family factors little. The contribution is the smallest community environment variables.
The analysis results from regression: average personal monthly income, income comes from endowment insurance and expenditure have a significant impact on health on subjective poverty of elderly women, but not the objective economic conditions are the main factors affecting only; in the control variables on the basis of the objective economic condition, health is the most important the subjective factors of elderly women feel poverty; older women appear loss will increase the possibility of subjective poverty and age, education level, occupation is not significantly impact the nature before the age of 60 on elderly women's subjective poverty; the number of children in the family factors, the evaluation of the elder women's own economic conditions and recent living children where the impact is not obvious; the community environment, namely horizontal elderly women and people around them on their own subjective feelings of economic The impact is not significant.
According to the conclusion of this study, we put forward specific countermeasures and suggestions for alleviating the subjective poverty problem of rural elderly women at the end of the article. At the same time, we also pointed out the limitations of this article, and prospected the future research of subjective poverty.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：C913.68

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