城市贫困的双重阐释：结构和文化的视野

发布时间：2018-03-05 23:31

  本文选题：城市贫困　切入点：结构　出处：《上海大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：贫困是一个与人类发展始终伴随的话题。在经济快速发展的过程中,城市贫困现象伴随社会巨变不断凸显和演变,不仅给身处其中的个体,也给整体性的社会带来严重的影响,成为值得关注和研究的问题。本研究以上海为例,对城市贫困者进行深度的质性分析,从不均等的结构变化和各不相同的文化要素中,探寻城市贫困的各个面向,寻求城市反贫困之道,既有学理的关注,亦具深刻的现实意义。本研究的发现和论述集中在以下三个方面:1、城市贫困始终处于结构和文化的双重作用之下。本研究联系城市贫困者真实生活的实践,以孙立平教授在实践社会学中提出的“过程—机制—策略—逻辑”四个要素作为研究的路径,构建城市贫困的结构和文化的双重阐释框架。经济力、福利制度和社会力是城市贫困的结构性解释,价值观念、行为方式和生活方式是城市贫困的文化性解释。在城市贫困的演变发展、成因、个体和国家应对贫困的策略中,都不难发现结构和文化的作用。城市贫困不仅是一个社会问题,一个经济现象,更是一个普遍存在的文化现象。在结构和文化双重视野的的整合和重构之下,城市贫困研究有了新的内涵。2、城市反贫困的逻辑路径可从结构和文化两个方面进行构架和设计。基于结构和文化的原因,个体的可行能力不断被剥夺,最终陷入贫困的境地中。是否可从突破个体可行能力的局限入手,寻求城市反贫困的思路呢?因此,研究者提出基于可行能力的城市反贫困思路,建议从可行能力建设的结构性要素、文化性要素和主体参与三个层面构建城市反贫困的逻辑路径,最终将理论、方法、实践与本土实际相结合,以反贫困的社会实践,探寻城市反贫困的现实可能,期待能为贫困研究开辟新的道路。3、城市贫困个体的能动性不容忽视身处城市贫困中的个体,受到结构和文化的重压,在实践中表现出了各自不同的策略。这其中既体现了结构性的影响,也蕴含着文化性的解释。但是,个体从来不是“被动”的牺牲品,他们在结构性的限制之下仍然表现出了可观的智慧和能动性,驱动了各种不同行为的产生。只有真正理解了城市贫困者的能动性,才能真正读懂城市贫困。在文章的结尾,研究者提出未来还可在城市贫困者的多重需求满足、反贫困的差异性原则、社会工作方法在反贫困实践中的运用等多个方面进行更加深入的探讨和研究。
[Abstract]:Poverty is always accompanied by human development. In the process of rapid economic development, the phenomenon of urban poverty has been highlighted and evolved along with the social changes, not only to the individual who is in it, but also to the society as a whole. This study takes Shanghai as an example, carries on the deep qualitative analysis to the urban poor, from the unequal structure change and the different cultural elements, explores each aspect of the urban poverty. To seek ways to combat poverty in cities, there is a theoretical concern, This study focuses on the following three aspects: 1. Urban poverty is always under the dual function of structure and culture. Taking the four elements of "process-mechanism-strategy-logic" put forward by Professor Sun Liping in the sociology of practice as the path of study, this paper constructs a dual interpretation framework of urban poverty structure and culture. Welfare system and social force are the structural interpretation of urban poverty, values, behavior and lifestyle are cultural explanations of urban poverty. It is not difficult to find the role of structure and culture. Urban poverty is not only a social problem, an economic phenomenon, but also a universal cultural phenomenon. The study of urban poverty has a new connotation. 2. The logical path of urban anti-poverty can be constructed and designed from two aspects of structure and culture. Based on the reasons of structure and culture, the feasible ability of individual is constantly deprived. Finally fall into the situation of poverty. Can we start from breaking through the limitations of individual feasible ability to seek the idea of urban anti-poverty? Therefore, the researcher puts forward the idea of urban anti-poverty based on feasible ability, and proposes to construct the logic path of urban anti-poverty from three aspects: structural elements, cultural elements and subject participation, and finally, the theory and method will be constructed. Combining practice with local reality, with the social practice of anti-poverty, exploring the possibility of urban anti-poverty, expecting to open up a new way for the study of poverty, the initiative of urban poor individual can not be ignored in the individual of urban poverty. Under the pressure of structure and culture, they show different strategies in practice. This reflects both structural influence and cultural explanation. However, the individual is never the victim of "passivity". They still show considerable wisdom and initiative under structural constraints, driving the emergence of different behaviors. Only by truly understanding the dynamic role of the urban poor can they truly understand urban poverty. The researchers suggest that the future can be further explored and studied in many aspects, such as the multiple needs of the urban poor, the principle of difference in anti-poverty, the application of social work methods in anti-poverty practice, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：C913.7
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本文编号：1572394