全球气候治理中的非政府组织

发布时间：2018-03-07 03:27

本文选题：全球治理　切入点：全球气候治理　出处：《中共中央党校》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着全球化进程的加快,全球问题不断涌现,对整个人类社会的生存与发展提出了严峻的挑战。然而,在相互依赖的时代里,任何一个国家都难以单独地解决全球问题,因此需要将全球问题视为一个整体,实现全球治理。全球气候变化问题是典型的全球问题。根据全球治理的理论框架,本文认为全球气候治理的内涵应包含以下几方面:第一、全球气候治理的客体,即全球气候治理的对象,主要指全球气候变化问题;第二、全球气候治理的主体。在全球气候治理的实践中,各主权国家、国际政府间组织、跨国公司以及非政府组织等多元主体依据各自优势,在全球气候治理中发挥重要作用,其中非政府组织的迅速发展和壮大尤为突出;第三、全球气候治理的目标,即多元治理主体抛开意识形态的差异,超越各自狭隘的利益考虑,积极合作,共同应对全球气候变化问题;第四、全球气候治理的机制。即国际社会经过多年的艰难谈判所形成的气候治理机制,这是全球气候治理的法律保障。全球气候治理的主体在全球气候治理中居于核心地位。表现在其左右着气候治理的进程,影响着气候治理中价值观念的形成与传播,决定着相关治理机制的制定甚至决定着气候治理目标的实现。在全球气候治理的多元主体中,非政府组织拥有极其丰富的人力资源,并凭借其制度优势、专业优势以及道义优势,弥补了其他行为体的不足,在全球气候治理中,发挥着日益重要的作用,产生了深远的影响,适应了全球问题所要求的多元化、多层面的治理模式。本文以非政府组织为研究对象,采用特定的分析框架,以《京都议定书》的核心机制之谈判为案例,具体评估非政府组织在全球气候治理中的所发挥的作用。实践证明,非政府组织在气候变化知识的传播、公众环保意识的培养、气候议题的设定、气候机制的形成等方面确实承担着重要职能,对全球气候治理来讲意义重大。通过案例分析,我们还可以看到非政府组织在全球气候治理中突出的制约因素,如非政府组织所代表利益的广泛性不足,独立程度不一,差异大,分歧多,在形成合力过程中困难重重等,妨碍其在全球气候治理中更加有效地发挥作用。但是非政府组织在全球气候治理中的影响力不断提高已是不争的事实,作为最大发展中国家的中国,应该对此引起足够的重视,充分认识到参与全球气候治理的主体已经呈现多元化,同时理性看待非政府组织在全球气候治理中与日俱增的作用,此外更应注重培育和鼓励中国本土非政府组织的发展,从而更成功地参与全球气候治理。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the globalization process, global problems are emerging, posing a serious challenge to the survival and development of the entire human society. However, in the era of interdependence, it is difficult for any one country to solve the global problems alone. There is therefore a need to see global issues as a whole and to achieve global governance. Global climate change is a typical global problem. According to the theoretical framework of global governance, this paper holds that the connotation of global climate governance should include the following aspects: first, the object of global climate governance, that is, the object of global climate governance, It mainly refers to the issue of global climate change; second, the main body of global climate governance. In the practice of global climate governance, the various sovereign states, international intergovernmental organizations, transnational corporations and non-governmental organizations, and other diverse subjects, are based on their respective advantages. To play an important role in global climate governance, especially the rapid development and growth of non-governmental organizations; third, the objective of global climate governance, namely, to put aside ideological differences and to transcend narrow interest considerations, To work together to deal with global climate change; 4th, the mechanism of global climate governance; that is, the climate governance mechanism developed by the international community after years of difficult negotiations, which is the legal guarantee of global climate governance. The main body of global climate governance plays a central role in global climate governance, which affects the process of climate governance and the formation and dissemination of values in climate governance. The establishment of relevant governance mechanism even determines the realization of the goal of climate governance. In the pluralistic body of global climate governance, non-governmental organizations have extremely rich human resources and rely on their institutional advantages. Professional and moral advantages make up for the shortcomings of other actors and play an increasingly important role in global climate governance. In this paper, the role of NGOs in global climate governance is evaluated by taking the negotiation of the core mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol as a case study, using a specific analytical framework. Non-governmental organizations do play an important role in the dissemination of climate change knowledge, the cultivation of public awareness of environmental protection, the setting of climate issues, the formation of climate mechanisms, and so on, which are of great significance to global climate governance. We can also see that non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have prominent constraints in global climate governance, such as the lack of universality, the degree of independence, the diversity, the diversity, the difficulties in forming synergies, and so on. Preventing it from playing a more effective role in global climate governance. But it is an indisputable fact that the growing influence of non-governmental organizations in global climate governance should be given sufficient attention by China, the largest developing country, Fully recognizing that the main actors involved in global climate governance have become diversified, while taking a rational view of the growing role of non-governmental organizations in global climate governance, and that emphasis should be placed on fostering and encouraging the development of local non-governmental organizations in China, Thus more successful participation in global climate governance.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：P467;C912.2

【引证文献】