布罗代尔对文明形态史观的批判

发布时间：2018-04-18 16:22

本文选题：文明 + 文化形态史观　；参考：《学术交流》2010年12期

【摘要】：斯宾格勒提出了一种"文化形态史观",打破了社会历史理论的托勒密体系——实现了"哥白尼革命"。他摒弃"进步"史观,用一种世界历史的"比较形态学"的方法来研究文化,认为历史不应是某一思想家主观"设计的产物",更不是单线索、直线式、由低到高、由恶及善的进步历程。他认为历史没有规律,有的只是"命运"。汤因比继承发展了斯宾格勒的历史观,认为文明的发展、生长是一系列"挑战"、"应战"的结果。这种文明形态史观有积极的贡献,但也有明显的局限性。布罗代尔对其过于简单化的文明史观很不满意,从历史的长时段出发,对他们提出了严厉批评:第一,批评历史宿命论。第二,回避历史的时间,只注重短时段的事件。第三,一种"人的精神本质"与多种(无论是八种还是二十一种)文明形态相矛盾。第四,把复杂的历史简单化,抽出几条"规律"、"法则"、"模式"来剪裁历史。最后,布罗代尔决定抛弃文明模式(包括各种翻版),主张用"长时段"结构理论取而代之。
[Abstract]:OswaldSpengler put forward a historical view of cultural form, which broke the Ptolemy system of social history theory and realized the Copernican Revolution.He abandoned the historical view of "progress" and studied culture with a method of "comparative morphology" of world history. He believed that history should not be the subjective "product of design" of a certain thinker, nor should it be a single clue, a straight line, from low to high.From evil to good progress.He believes that history has no rules, but only "fate."Toynbee inherited OswaldSpengler's view of history and believed that the development of civilization was the result of a series of challenges and challenges.This kind of civilization form historical view has the positive contribution, but also has the obvious limitation.Brodale was not satisfied with his simplistic view of civilization history. He criticized them for a long time. First, he criticized historical fatalism.Second, avoid the history of time, only pay attention to short-time events.Third, a "spiritual essence of man" contradicts various (whether eight or 21) forms of civilization.Fourth, simplify the complicated history, draw out several "laws", "rules", "patterns" to cut history.In the end, Brodale decided to abandon the civilisation model (including various replicas) and to replace it with long-term structural theory.
【作者单位】：黑龙江大学哲学与公共管理学院;
【分类号】：K091

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