自然与历史之链：赫尔德历史哲学的连续性观念试探
发布时间：2018-12-11 07:43
【摘要】：成熟时期的赫尔德的历史哲学旨在寻求自然和人类历史之间的统一,这可以看作是启蒙时期自然法原则的体现;然而同时,他赋予所有的个体作为个体单位以多样性,据此,每个个体都至少具有两重身份:多样性中的个体和统一性中的个体,因而就个体存在目的的实现来说,也有两重的展示,其自身的完美和在整体进程中的不完美。但统一和多样的结合是否可能?如何可能?笔者试图说明,赫尔德历史哲学中的连续性观念在认识上调和了多样性和统一性之间的张力,同时这种连续性原则在自然和历史中有着实证的基础。故而连续性之于赫尔德的历史哲学有这两方面的意义,其一,自然连续的阶进保证了多样化自然界中,人和自然物之间的连续,且人处在万物灵长的位置;在人类的历史中,传统的延续实现了历史的连续,而历史的连续标识了每个民族和个体的身份性,所以民族和个体都是其独特历史的产物;其二,既然存在历史的连续,因而对人来说是本能的理性和作为理性标识的语言就是理解人类历史的线索,由此历史哲学可以获得一条通过语言和理性来理解的进路。理解赫尔德的思想历程尤其是与康德的交流论辩给我们一个获悉以上认识的切入点,以便我们进入赫尔德所处语境,同时,我们不妨以当下历史哲学的关注点来对此稍作反思,来理解赫尔德或者我们自己。
[Abstract]:Holder's philosophy of history in the mature period aims to seek the unity between nature and human history, which can be seen as the embodiment of the principles of natural law in the Enlightenment period. At the same time, however, he gives all individuals diversity as individual units, according to which each individual has at least two identities: the individual in diversity and the individual in unity, and thus in the realization of the purpose of individual existence. There are also twofold displays of its own perfection and imperfection in the overall process. But is a combination of unity and diversity possible? How? The author tries to explain that the concept of continuity in Herde's philosophy of history has the tension between understanding upregulation and diversity and unity. At the same time this principle of continuity has an empirical basis in nature and history. Therefore, continuity has two meanings to Herde's philosophy of history. One is that the continuous progression of nature ensures the continuity between man and natural objects in diversified nature, and that man is in the primate position of all things. In the history of mankind, the continuity of tradition realizes the continuity of history, and the continuity of history marks the identity of each nation and individual, so the nation and individual are the product of their unique history. Second, since there is a history of continuity, it is instinctive reason to man and language as a sign of reason is the clue to understand human history, thus the philosophy of history can obtain a way to understand through language and reason. Understanding Herd's thought course, especially the communication and debate with Kant, gives us a starting point to learn the above knowledge so that we can enter the context of Herd. At the same time, we might as well reflect on this with the focus of the present historical philosophy. To understand Holder or ourselves.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K01
本文编号：2372161
[Abstract]:Holder's philosophy of history in the mature period aims to seek the unity between nature and human history, which can be seen as the embodiment of the principles of natural law in the Enlightenment period. At the same time, however, he gives all individuals diversity as individual units, according to which each individual has at least two identities: the individual in diversity and the individual in unity, and thus in the realization of the purpose of individual existence. There are also twofold displays of its own perfection and imperfection in the overall process. But is a combination of unity and diversity possible? How? The author tries to explain that the concept of continuity in Herde's philosophy of history has the tension between understanding upregulation and diversity and unity. At the same time this principle of continuity has an empirical basis in nature and history. Therefore, continuity has two meanings to Herde's philosophy of history. One is that the continuous progression of nature ensures the continuity between man and natural objects in diversified nature, and that man is in the primate position of all things. In the history of mankind, the continuity of tradition realizes the continuity of history, and the continuity of history marks the identity of each nation and individual, so the nation and individual are the product of their unique history. Second, since there is a history of continuity, it is instinctive reason to man and language as a sign of reason is the clue to understand human history, thus the philosophy of history can obtain a way to understand through language and reason. Understanding Herd's thought course, especially the communication and debate with Kant, gives us a starting point to learn the above knowledge so that we can enter the context of Herd. At the same time, we might as well reflect on this with the focus of the present historical philosophy. To understand Holder or ourselves.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K01
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