从社会性质出发:历史研究的根本方法

发布时间：2019-03-19 16:45

【摘要】：史学方法的核心是思想方法、理论方法,而非技术方法、研究方法。近代以来,具有主导性、占据核心地位的根本性史学方法是从社会性质出发的方法。它理论层次最高,具有方法论意义。在这一方法主导下,中国马克思主义史学构建了完整的史学知识形态。从20世纪70年代起,背离或驱离这一方法在西方国家成为思想与学术主潮,但在实践层面往往出现漏洞,"新清史"与"中国中心观"便是典型样本,而中国马克思主义史家在这一方法指导下坚持从内外因素结合的全视角考察中国历史,不仅先期避免了西方汉学界以"要素"肢解"整体"的研究缺陷,而且预先包容和回应了西方汉学家内设的问题。真正科学地"在中国发现历史"的,是中国马克思主义史学家。他们不属于历史决定论,而属于历史根据论。
[Abstract]:The core of historiography method is thought method, theory method, not technical method, research method. Since modern times, the fundamental historical method, which is dominant and occupies the core position, is based on the nature of society. It has the highest theoretical level and has methodological significance. Under the guidance of this method, Chinese Marxist historiography has constructed a complete knowledge form of historiography. Since the 1970s, deviating from or driving away from this method has become the main trend of thought and learning in western countries, but there are often loopholes in practice. The "New Qing History" and "China-centered View" are typical samples. Under the guidance of this method, Chinese Marxist historians insisted on examining Chinese history from the angle of combination of internal and external factors, which not only avoided the research defect of western Sinologists in dismembering "the whole" with "elements" in advance. It also pre-accommodates and responds to the problems inherent in western Sinologists. It is Chinese Marxist historians who are truly scientific in discovering history in China. They do not belong to historical determinism, but to historical basis.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学杂志社;
【分类号】：K06

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