《国史大纲》与《中国史纲》比较研究

发布时间：2019-03-23 17:12

【摘要】：《国史大纲》与《中国史纲》两部史学名著,成书于战火纷飞的二十世纪三四十年代。在著史宗旨方面,钱穆著《国史大纲》意在以史学而唤醒国魂,挖掘中国文化的自信,激发人们抗战必胜的坚定信念;而张荫麟著《中国史纲》,则有感于当时高中生国史知识之低下,故普及历史知识以为民族空前大转变时期的“自知之助”。在史学思想上,钱穆用文化、生命、人生来概括历史的本质,形成了别具一格的民族文化生命史观,《国史大纲》之浓郁的文化气息、深沉的民族情感都是这一史观的集中体现;而张荫麟则融合传统经史之学与西方哲学、社会学,认为史学是科学与艺术的结合,《中国史纲》取舍文献史料、记述历史人事呈现出科学的精神与艺术的风姿。关于两书的体例,《国史大纲》扬弃传统纲目体,融合章节体,依时间顺序编排章节,既因事命篇又纵向贯通、横向联系,形成完整的通史的脉络;《中国史纲》“以说故事的方式”记述历史,则将纪事本末体、纪传体与章节体相糅合,充分发挥了纪事本末体自为起讫的优点以及纪传体善于容纳综合的特点,形成了“新纪事本末体”。在历史叙述方面,《国史大纲》强调民族本位、国族本位以及民族文化对历史发展的决定作用,其行文叙事充满浓郁深沉的情感;而《中国史纲》强调“社会的变迁,思想的贡献,和若干重大人物的性格”兼顾并详,行文叙事多表现冷峻、理性内敛而又平和的特点。
[Abstract]:Two historical masterpieces, outline of Chinese History and outline of Chinese History, were written in the 1930s and 1940s. In terms of the purpose of writing history, Qian Mu's outline of the History of China is intended to awaken the soul of the country through historiography, excavate the confidence of Chinese culture, and stimulate the firm belief that people will win the War of Resistance against Japan. On the other hand, Zhang Yulin's "outline of Chinese History" was influenced by the low knowledge of Chinese history in senior high school students at that time. Therefore, the popularization of historical knowledge was regarded as the "help of self-knowledge" in the period of unprecedented change of the nation. On the thought of historiography, Qian Mu summed up the essence of history with culture, life and life, and formed a unique view of the history of national culture and the rich cultural atmosphere of the outline of National History. The deep national emotion is the concentrated embodiment of this historical view; Zhang Yulin, on the other hand, combines traditional classical history with western philosophy and sociology, and holds that historiography is the combination of science and art. In the outline of Chinese History, the historical personnel presents a scientific spirit and artistic demeanor by choosing the historical materials of literature. As for the style of the two books, the outline of Chinese History sublates the traditional syllabus, merges the chapters, arranges the chapters in chronological order, and forms a complete vein of general history because of the order and vertical connection, and the horizontal connection between the two books. "the narrative of history in the way of telling a story" in the outline of Chinese History merges the end of the chronicle, the chronology and the chapter, giving full play to the advantages of the chronicle itself, as well as the fact that the chronology is good at accommodating and synthesizing the essence and the end of the chronicle, as well as the characteristics of the chronology being good at accommodating and synthesizing. Formed a "new chronicle, the end of the body." In the aspect of historical narration, the outline of National History emphasizes the national standard, the national standard and the decisive function of the national culture to the historical development, and its writing narration is full of strong and deep emotion; The outline of Chinese History emphasizes that "the change of society, the contribution of thought, and the character of some important figures" should be taken into account, and the narrative in writing shows the characteristics of cold, rational introversion and peace.
【学位授予单位】：淮北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K092

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