竞争中的国际官僚组织—组织文化与规范倡导

发布时间：2018-04-02 00:13

本文选题：国际规范扩散　切入点：国际官僚组织　出处：《外交学院》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：作为建构主义关于观念研究的科学研究纲领，国际规范扩散纲领的当然假定之一便是国际组织自动倡导国际规范，国际组织甚至成为这些“美好国际规范”的化身。但是关于国际组织“虚伪”性、“非法行为”、“病症”等现象的经验研究则揭示出国际组织并不等同于国际规范本身，在一定程度上，国际组织具有独立的组织偏好与组织文化。因此，国际官僚组织在推动国际规范扩散时，其倡导行为不是自动和和谐的，甚至可能相互竞争。另外，从国际规范扩散纲领内部的“问题转换”来看，发展出一种国际组织的规范倡导理论作为新的“保护带”，也为消除纲领当前面临的国际规范竞争这一“反常”所必需，即解释在同一历史阶段中，在同一问题领域内相关国际组织对同一国际规范的竞争性倡导行为这一反常，进而将国际规范竞争的研究议程再度纳入既有的规范扩散纲领内。专业性政府间国际组织虽然由主权国家建立，但由于国际官僚具有双重认同、国际组织的专业化程度、长期的组织工作实践等，其实际上又具有官僚组织的特质，因而会逐渐形成自身的组织偏好，特别是独特的组织文化。国际官僚组织的组织文化是组织成员共享的、关于如何才是最好的实现组织任务方法的一种集体信念和假设，组织文化塑造了国际组织对自身利益的认知，同时，更为重要的是，其也塑造了国际组织对于如何才是最佳的规范倡导方案的理解。一般而言，专业性国际官僚组织依据自身的组织文化重新阐释和组合国际规范包含的一系列禁止性规则，使两者相匹配。因而，实际上，国际规范都是经历了国际组织组织文化过滤后而加以扩散。例如，在20世纪末，随着国际知识产权保护规范进入垂直扩散阶段，在同一时间段内，针对知识产权国际保护这一单一问题领域，联合国教科文组织、世界贸易组织和世界知识产权组织这三个专业性国际组织，针对如何才是最为有效的保护知识产权路径，给出了不同的答案，，特别是教科文组织与世界贸易组织的倡导差异更为明显：具有“平等”组织文化的教科文组织倾向于对知识产权保护实行人权化倡导，而以组织的贸易文化强烈著称的世界贸易组织，则强调应确立绝对产权，主张对知识产权进行“产权化”国际保护。
[Abstract]:As a scientific research platform of constructivism on the study of ideas, one of the natural assumptions of the international normative diffusion programme is that international organizations automatically advocate international norms. International organizations even become the embodiment of these "good international norms." but empirical studies on the phenomenon of "hypocrisy", "illegal conduct", "disease" of international organizations reveal that international organizations are not equal to international norms themselves. To some extent, international organizations have independent organizational preferences and organizational cultures. Therefore, when international bureaucracy promotes the spread of international norms, its advocacy actions are not automatic and harmonious, and may even compete with each other. From the point of view of the "problem transformation" within the international normative diffusion programme, the development of a normative advocacy theory of an international organization as a new "protection zone" is also necessary in order to eliminate the "anomaly" of the international normative competition currently facing the Programme. That is, to explain the anomaly of the competitive advocacy behavior of the relevant international organizations to the same international norms in the same historical stage, and then to bring the research agenda of the competition of international norms into the existing normative diffusion program again. Although specialized intergovernmental international organizations are established by sovereign states, because of the dual identity of international bureaucrats, the degree of specialization of international organizations, the long practice of organizational work, and so on, they actually have the characteristics of bureaucratic organizations. As a result, it will gradually form its own organizational preferences, especially the unique organizational culture. The organizational culture of the international bureaucracy is shared by the members of the organization, a collective belief and assumption as to how best to achieve organizational tasks. Organizational culture shapes international organizations' perceptions of their own interests and, more importantly, their understanding of how best to advocate for norms... generally speaking, Professional international bureaucracy reinterprets and assembles a series of prohibited rules contained in international norms based on its own organizational culture to match them. International norms are spread through the filtering of international organization culture. For example, at the end of the 20th century, as the international intellectual property protection norms entered the stage of vertical diffusion, at the same time, With regard to the single issue area of the international protection of intellectual property rights, three specialized international organizations, UNESCO, the World Trade Organization and the World intellectual property Organization, focus on how to be the most effective way to protect intellectual property rights. Different answers were given. In particular, the differences between UNESCO and the World Trade Organization were more pronounced: UNESCO, with an "equal" organizational culture, tended to promote human rights in the protection of intellectual property rights, The World Trade Organization, which is famous for its strong trade culture, emphasizes the establishment of absolute property rights and advocates the international protection of intellectual property rights.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D813

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