布什政府和奥巴马政府外交理念与实践比较研究
发布时间：2018-07-27 12:44
【摘要】： 外交理念是指导决策者进行外交决策的观念和信仰的总和。对一国的外交理念进行分析和研究,有助于更好地理解和把握该国外交政策。 美国是一个总统制的国家,总统的外交理念对美国外交政策产生直接的影响。布什政府深受新保守主义思想的影响,对实力绝对迷信,对民主盲目追求,“实力至上、单边主义、先发制人和输出民”是其外交理念的主要内容。奥巴马政府对权力采取实用主义的态度,“实用主义、多边主义、外交和发展手段优先、巧实力外交以及无核世界”构成了其外交理念的主要内容。外交理念的不同导致了两者外交方式和风格上的差异,但是由于两种外交理念在追求美国霸权的目标上并无区别,因此外交方式和风格的变化只是手段和策略上的调整,其强权政治、追求霸权的实质依然不会改变。 具体到美国的核政策上,虽然布什的核政策以单边主义、进攻性和强制性为主要特点,而奥巴马政府的核政策则强调多边合作和协调,并且把消除所有核武器建立无核世界作为其核政策的最终目标,但是这两种核战略的共同点都是实现美国安全称霸的目标。“无核世界”的实质是通过解除他国的核武装来扩大美国在常规军事领域的优势地位,从而确保美国的霸权地位。 通过比较研究,针对未来中美关系的发展,本文得出两点启示:一是未来中美关系将呈现可控制摩擦的局面;二是警惕美国在核问题上绑架中国。
[Abstract]:The concept of diplomacy is the sum of ideas and beliefs that guide decision-makers to make diplomatic decisions. It is helpful to understand and grasp the foreign policy of a country by analyzing and studying its foreign policy. The United States is a presidential country, the president's foreign policy has a direct impact on the president. The Bush administration is deeply influenced by neoconservatism. It is absolutely superstitious to power and blind to democracy. "Power first, unilateralism, preemptive action and exporting people" is the main content of his diplomatic idea. The Obama administration takes a pragmatic approach to power, "pragmatism, multilateralism, diplomacy and means of development take precedence, skillful diplomacy and a nuclear-free world" form the main elements of its diplomatic philosophy. The difference of diplomatic idea leads to the difference of diplomatic style and style between them. However, there is no difference between them in pursuing the goal of American hegemony, so the change of diplomatic way and style is only the adjustment of means and tactics. Its power politics, the pursuit of hegemony is still the essence of the same. Specifically, on the nuclear policy of the United States, although Bush's nuclear policy is characterized by unilateralism, aggression and coercion, the Obama administration's nuclear policy emphasizes multilateral cooperation and coordination. The ultimate goal of its nuclear policy is to eliminate all nuclear weapons and create a nuclear-free world, but the common denominator of these two nuclear strategies is to achieve the goal of US security hegemony. The essence of the "world without nuclear weapons" is to expand the superiority of the United States in the conventional military field by disarming other countries' nuclear weapons, so as to ensure the hegemonic position of the United States. Through comparative study, this paper draws two enlightenments from the future development of Sino-US relations: one is that Sino-US relations will present a situation of controllable friction in the future; the other is to be alert to the abduction of China by the United States on the nuclear issue.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D871.2
本文编号：2147871
[Abstract]:The concept of diplomacy is the sum of ideas and beliefs that guide decision-makers to make diplomatic decisions. It is helpful to understand and grasp the foreign policy of a country by analyzing and studying its foreign policy. The United States is a presidential country, the president's foreign policy has a direct impact on the president. The Bush administration is deeply influenced by neoconservatism. It is absolutely superstitious to power and blind to democracy. "Power first, unilateralism, preemptive action and exporting people" is the main content of his diplomatic idea. The Obama administration takes a pragmatic approach to power, "pragmatism, multilateralism, diplomacy and means of development take precedence, skillful diplomacy and a nuclear-free world" form the main elements of its diplomatic philosophy. The difference of diplomatic idea leads to the difference of diplomatic style and style between them. However, there is no difference between them in pursuing the goal of American hegemony, so the change of diplomatic way and style is only the adjustment of means and tactics. Its power politics, the pursuit of hegemony is still the essence of the same. Specifically, on the nuclear policy of the United States, although Bush's nuclear policy is characterized by unilateralism, aggression and coercion, the Obama administration's nuclear policy emphasizes multilateral cooperation and coordination. The ultimate goal of its nuclear policy is to eliminate all nuclear weapons and create a nuclear-free world, but the common denominator of these two nuclear strategies is to achieve the goal of US security hegemony. The essence of the "world without nuclear weapons" is to expand the superiority of the United States in the conventional military field by disarming other countries' nuclear weapons, so as to ensure the hegemonic position of the United States. Through comparative study, this paper draws two enlightenments from the future development of Sino-US relations: one is that Sino-US relations will present a situation of controllable friction in the future; the other is to be alert to the abduction of China by the United States on the nuclear issue.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D871.2
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 叶森;冷战后美国的东亚战略研究[D];中国海洋大学;2012年
，本文编号：2147871
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