关于应用软权力提升中国国际地位的思考

发布时间：2018-07-27 17:07

【摘要】：约瑟夫·奈与1989年提出软权力(Soft Power)思想一来受到国际关系学理论界的普遍关注。约瑟夫·奈认为,一个国家的综合国力既包括由经济、科技、军事实力等表现出来的“硬权力”,也包括以文化、意识形态等吸引力体现出来的“软权力”。软权力是利用非强迫手段让人们服从你的意志、做你想让他们做的事的特殊力量。奈认为国家的软权力主要来自四种资源：第一,文化的吸引力；第二,意识形态和思想观念(ideas)的感召力；第三,制定国际规则和建立国际机制的能力；第四,恰当的外交政策。软权力概念一经提出就在中国产生了巨大的反响。1993年王沪宁首先在国内使用软实力的概念,在接下来的十几年中软权力研究一直是中国国际关系理论研究的一个热点,国内学者从软权力的内涵、软权力与硬权力的关系、提升软权力的途径等方面进行探讨并且涌现出了大量研究成果。但是由于奈的软权力思想本身对软权力与硬权力的划分标准存在问题,造成中国国内学者在研究软权力的的时候造成了对软权力概念理解的狭隘化和软权力应用的泛化问题。本文在分析了现有软权力思想不足的基础上辨析了软权力与软实力的区别,提出实力是一种天然地、内在的事物,而权力则是一种社会性很强的事物。因此只要是单元存在就天然地具有实力,反之具有实力的单元并不一定具有权力。实力的客体可以是人也可以是物质,但是权力的客体只能是人。此外还分析了软权力与硬权力、软权力与文化的关系,并据此深入分析了软权力的本质,提出了软权力的终极来源是一种发展模式。这一观点是全新的,带有终极性质的,是完全经得起理论和实践检验的。最后国内外学者对应用软权力提升国家地位的题的研究都是非常具体的和不全面的,往往是提出了许多种途径可是实质上说的都是一个方面。本文从软权力的本质出发,在系统层次上应用逻辑思维的方法提出了提升中国软权力的途径：大力弘扬中国的当代文化、扩大中国模式的宣传力度尤其是增加对中国模式普适性的宣传和加快我国社会主义现代化建设。这一途径是高度概括的、抽象的、系统的和全新的。
[Abstract]:Joseph Nye and 1989 put forward the soft power (Soft Power) thought. Joseph Nye believes that a country's comprehensive national strength includes not only the "hard power", which is manifested by economy, science and technology, military strength, and so on, but also the "soft power" embodied by the attraction of culture and ideology. Soft power is the special power to use non-coercive means to subdue people from your will and do what you want them to do. Nye believes that the soft power of the state comes mainly from four kinds of resources: first, the attraction of culture; second, the appeal of ideology and ideology (ideas); thirdly, the ability to make international rules and establish international mechanisms; and fourth, appropriate foreign policy. As soon as the concept of soft power was put forward, it produced a huge response in China. In 1993, Wang Huning first used the concept of soft power in China, and in the following ten years, the study of soft power has always been a hot topic in the theoretical research of China's international relations. Domestic scholars have discussed the connotation of soft power, the relationship between soft power and hard power, and the ways to promote soft power, and a large number of research results have emerged. However, Nye's soft power thought itself has problems in dividing soft power from hard power, which results in narrow understanding of soft power concept and generalization of soft power application when domestic scholars study soft power. On the basis of analyzing the deficiency of the existing soft power thought, this paper distinguishes the difference between soft power and soft power, and points out that strength is a kind of natural, internal thing, and power is a kind of social thing. So long as the unit exists, it is natural to have strength, whereas the unit with strength does not necessarily have power. The object of power can be human or material, but the object of power can only be human. In addition, the relationship between soft power and hard power, soft power and culture is analyzed, and the essence of soft power is analyzed, and the ultimate source of soft power is put forward as a mode of development. This view is brand-new, with the ultimate nature, and is completely up to the test of theory and practice. Finally, the research on the application of soft power to promote the status of the state is very specific and incomplete, often put forward a lot of ways, but in essence it is one aspect. Starting from the essence of soft power, this paper puts forward the ways to promote soft power in China by applying the method of logical thinking on the system level: vigorously carrying forward the contemporary culture of China. To expand the propaganda of the Chinese model, especially to promote the universality of the Chinese model, and to speed up the construction of socialist modernization in China. This approach is highly generalized, abstract, systematic and new.
【学位授予单位】：湖北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D822

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