湘西土家族梯玛歌文化阐释

发布时间：2018-04-24 21:36

本文选题：土家族梯玛歌 + 展演形式　；参考：《吉首大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：“梯玛歌”作为湘西土家族特有的仪式歌谣，传递了包含文学、舞蹈、音乐、信仰等各方面内容，2008年以民间文学类别列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。本文以湘西土家族梯玛歌作为研究对象，将其展演形式、唱词主旨内涵和文本形态作为并列式的切入点，从多维角度展开研究分析，阐释土家族梯玛歌的文化内涵及特征。随着消费语境的不断渗透，土家族梯玛歌在展演形式上，逐渐发展成为群众参与的场外表演和舞台性质的艺术表演。梯玛作为歌曲的传唱者，其职业也由原来单一的“巫师”演变为现在“巫师”和“演员”相互交叉的双重存在。可以说，原始宗教的特色仪式与现代舞台表演仪式的杂糅，逐渐成为土家族梯玛歌的存在形式。不同展演形式的视觉表达也呈现出不同的文化特征。通过对梯玛唱词的主旨意涵分析，可以得出土家儿女的精神文化特征。在梯玛进行的每场法事前以及法事过程中，都会拜祭到各种神灵，因为神灵在法事的过程中能够起到“驱邪”、“祈福”的作用，这反映出一种精神上的崇拜和依赖。土家族的迁徙活动以及民俗生活的文本描写，，体现了土家族坚强无畏和乐观豁达的精神特征。文本形态方面，土家族梯玛歌主要以口头和仪式两种方式存在。从口头文本上分析，它表现出语言表达口头化、内容表达生活化、修辞表达多样化的特征。同时，它又是带有宗教特征的仪式文本，在仪式文本的表达过程中，传达出自我交流、与他人交流的多元化特征，以及带有宗教性质的神秘特征。
[Abstract]:As a special ritual ballad of Tujia nationality in western Hunan, "Timar Song" contains literature, dance, music, faith and so on. In 2008, it was included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list under the category of folk literature. This paper takes the Tama song of the Tujia nationality in western Hunan as the research object, taking the form of its performance, the connotation of the main theme of the lyrics and the form of the text as the breakthrough point of juxtaposition, carries out the research and analysis from the multi-dimensional angle, and explains the cultural connotation and characteristics of the Tema song of the Tujia nationality. With the continuous penetration of consumer context, Tilma songs of Tujia nationality gradually developed into off-stage performances and artistic performances of stage nature. As a singer of songs, Timar's profession has changed from a single wizard to the intersecting existence of "wizard" and "actor". It can be said that the combination of the characteristic ceremony of primitive religion and the ceremony of modern stage performance gradually became the existence form of Tema song of Tujia nationality. Different forms of visual expression also show different cultural characteristics. Through the analysis of the purport meaning of Tema's lyrics, the spiritual and cultural characteristics of Tujia's children can be obtained. In every Dharma performed by Timar, various gods were worshipped before and during the process of law, because the gods played the role of "exorcising" and "praying" in the process of law, which reflected a kind of spiritual worship and dependence. The migration of Tujia and the description of folk life reflect the spiritual characteristics of Tujia strong, fearless and optimistic. In the aspect of text form, Tema songs of Tujia nationality mainly exist in two ways: oral and ritual. From the analysis of oral text, it shows the characteristics of oral expression of language, life of content expression and variety of rhetoric expression. At the same time, it is a ritual text with religious characteristics. In the process of expressing the ritual text, it conveys the pluralistic characteristics of self-communication, communication with others, and the mysterious characteristic of religious nature.
【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G122

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