晚明至民国晋东南炎帝传统与区域社会研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 19:16

本文选题：晋东南地区 + 炎帝传统　；参考：《山西大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：晋东南地区是上古圣王炎帝遗迹的集中分布区域之一,这里遍布炎帝庙宇、碑刻,还流传着很多与炎帝有关的传说、民俗。这些传说大约在隋唐以前就已经在当地百姓中口耳相传,并记诸典籍,目前所知最早与炎帝有关的碑文出现在北齐年间。此后这一地区的人们在上千年的历史中,不断辩证或者是宣传这些传说的真实性,强化了后人对这一传统的认同。本文以晚明至民国年间晋东南地区的炎帝传统为研究对象。第一章首先探讨了晋东南地区炎帝文化遗迹的空间分布情况,随后重点剖析了晚明至清乾隆年间炎帝文化传统的意涵。炎帝在当地人心目中具有极其神圣的地位,不仅被奉为始祖,是农业、医药业的行业保护神,同时还被赋予雨神的职责。这一时期炎帝作为国家正统祭祀的神祗,其庙宇在晋东南地区分布极其普遍。官员和士绅做为当时区域社会的中坚力量,在炎帝文化传统再兴起中发挥着主导作用。第二章着重探讨清嘉庆至咸丰年间的炎帝文化活动。随着晋东南科举考试成绩的下滑及明清以来商人实力的集聚,炎帝庙宇碑阴题名中出现了大量商号,泽潞商人成为修缮庙宇的主要捐资者。商人这样做一方面是因为炎帝被视为“日中为市”的最早发明者,晋东南地区集市的发展及炎帝庙庙会市场功能的强化,为商人提供了可观的经济利益,另一方面嘉庆以降炎帝庙宇大多已融入当地社庙系统,参加这样的公共事务,无疑也是商人寻求提高其在地方社会中权威的体现。第三章主要关注的是清同治至民国年间社会巨变中炎帝始祖文化的意义。晚清民国晋东南地区自然灾害频发、经济凋敝、各种社会矛盾突出,但炎帝文化传统并未显现出衰颓之势,其庙宇依旧得以持续重修。随着民国年间晋东南各项制度的改革,庙宇修缮的主导者及碑文撰写者的身份发生了变化。在晚清民国“民族——国家”话语下,炎帝始祖文化的意义被极大的扩充,提升到了民族团结的高度,成为凝聚中华民族的符号。总之,晚明至民国年间炎帝传统向我们揭示了炎帝作为国家正统祭祀的神祗,在晋东南地区的发展轨迹及其地方社会的发展脉络,同时也显现了炎帝与其他地方神灵的命运是颇不相同的。炎帝传统不仅揭示出炎帝在晋东南逐渐发展并和地方社会高度融合的历史,还显现出“民族——国家”这样的国家话语在地方社会的表达,同时还体现出了晋东南区域历史的复杂多样性和跨时段的连续性。
[Abstract]:Southeast Shanxi is one of the concentrated distribution areas of the ancient ruins of Emperor Yan, which is full of temples, inscriptions, and many legends and folklore related to Yan Emperor. These legends have been passed down among the local people around the Sui and Tang dynasties, and the earliest inscriptions related to Yan Emperor are known to have appeared in the Northern Qi Dynasty. Since then, in the history of thousands of years, people in this region have been dialectical or propagandized the truth of these legends, which has strengthened the recognition of this tradition. This article takes the late Ming Dynasty and the Republic of China as the research object. The first chapter discusses the spatial distribution of Yan Emperor's cultural relics in southeast Shanxi, and then analyzes the meaning of Yan Emperor's cultural tradition from late Ming Dynasty to Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. Yan Emperor has an extremely sacred position in the eyes of the local people. He is not only regarded as the ancestor of agriculture and medicine industry, but also endowed with the responsibility of the Rain God. In this period, Yan Emperor as the national orthodox sacrifice god, its temple distribution in the southeast of Shanxi is extremely common. Officials and gentry, as the backbone of regional society at that time, played a leading role in the revival of Yan Emperor's cultural tradition. The second chapter focuses on the cultural activities of Emperor Yan during the period from Jiaqing to Xianfeng. With the decline of examination scores of imperial examinations in Southeast Shanxi and the gathering of merchants' strength since the Ming and Qing dynasties, a large number of merchants appeared in the inscription of Yan Emperor's Temple Stele, and Merchant Zelu became the main donor to repair the temple. On the one hand, the merchants did so because Emperor Yan was regarded as the earliest inventor of "Japan and China as a city." the development of the market in southeast Shanxi and the strengthening of the functions of the temple fair of the Emperor Yan provided considerable economic benefits to the merchants. On the other hand, most of Jiaxing's temples have been integrated into the local social temple system. Participation in such public affairs is undoubtedly the embodiment of businessmen seeking to improve their authority in the local society. The third chapter focuses on the significance of Emperor Yan's ancestor culture in the social changes from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of Shanxi, the natural disasters occurred frequently, the economy was depressed, and various social contradictions were prominent. However, the cultural tradition of Yan Emperor did not show the tendency of decline and decay, and its temple was still being rebuilt. With the reform of various systems in Southeast Shanxi during the Republic of China, the identity of temple restoration leader and inscription writer has changed. Under the discourse of "nation-nation" in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the significance of the ancestor culture of Emperor Yan was greatly expanded and promoted to the height of national unity and became the symbol of the cohesion of the Chinese nation. In a word, from the late Ming Dynasty to the Republic of China, the tradition of Yan Emperor revealed to us the development track of Yan Emperor as the national orthodox sacrifice god and the development of local society in Southeast Shanxi. At the same time, it also revealed that the fate of Yan Emperor and other local gods is quite different. The tradition of Yan Emperor not only reveals the history of Yan Emperor's gradual development and high integration with local society in Southeast Shanxi, but also shows the expression of national discourse such as "nation-state" in local society. At the same time, it also reflects the complex diversity and cross-period continuity of the history of Southeast Shanxi.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G127

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