大学生支教志愿者在少数民族地区跨文化适应性的研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 07:04

本文选题：少数民族 + 支教　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：大学生参与公益活动的比例逐年上升，除了敬老院、孤儿院慰问项目以外，支教是参与度最高的公益活动。参与少数民族山区支教的大学生志愿者往往会遇到对当地主文化的适应问题，支教结束后，志愿者的思想状态和生活方式发生一定改变，会出现短暂无法适应原本城市生活节奏的现象。因此，为帮助支教项目有效进行以及大学生志愿者适应力的提高，大学生支教志愿者的跨民族文化适应问题应该成为研究者关注的课题。人数日益增长的支教群体为研究该群体的跨民族文化适应状况提供了可能。本文考察的对象集中为到贵州苗族、青海和甘肃藏族自治区支教的50名大学生。由于涉及到与跨国文化适应性的比较，本文还对参与波兰AIESEC海外实习项目中来自不同国家的20名志愿者作了问卷调查，其中10名支教志愿者和10名海外项目志愿者作了视频采访。两个受访群体的标准是在当地进行项目至少一个月并且经历了一个完整的跨文化适应的过程。主要研究课题是个体在整个适应过程中产生的变化、遇到的冲突、对跨文化适应过程产生影响的因素、跨文化适应发展模式以及对国内跨民族文化适应与跨国文化适应的异同比较。本文结合Colleen Ward的心理适应和社会文化适应理论，以及Stella Ting-Toomey总结的影响跨文化适应的三类因素，采用定性研究方法，通过调查问卷和深度访谈收集数据，问卷调查内容基于Bringle, Robert G., Phillips, Mindy A.,Hudson, Michael的“Themeasure of service learning: research scales to assess student experiences”作品中提供的跨文化适应力评估量表来改编，设计出大学生支教志愿者跨民族文化适应以及海外实习生跨文化适应的调查问卷。调查内容包括个人信息、参与者对项目的看法以及在当地各活动中的适应情况。围绕参与者的动机和期望方面展开，重点考察参与者在活动期间遇到的文化冲突、社会参与程度、所获得的社会支持等问题。访谈部分在问卷的基础上进一步了解参与者对项目以及自身表现的评价。调查结果显示，影响跨文化适应过程的因素主要来自社会环境、个人特征和人际交往，，无论是跨国文化适应还是国内跨民族文化适应，其发展模式均偏向W形曲线模型。研究结果的意义不仅在于为不同背景的大学生支教志愿者跨民族文化适应情况的研究提供了依据，为公益组织机构进行相关跨文化培训提供了指导，也有助于促进更多研究者关注到少数民族跨文化交流和适应的研究领域。
[Abstract]:The proportion of college students participating in public welfare activities is increasing year by year, except for homes for the aged, orphanages and solicitude programs, supporting education is the highest public welfare activity. University student volunteers who participate in minority mountain areas often encounter problems in adapting to the culture of the landlords. After supporting the education, the volunteers' ideological state and lifestyle change to a certain extent. Will appear temporarily unable to adapt to the original city life rhythm phenomenon. Therefore, in order to help the project to carry out effectively and to improve the adaptability of university student volunteers, the cross-national cultural adaptation of university student volunteers should become a topic of concern to researchers. It is possible to study the cross-national cultural adaptation of this group. This paper focuses on 50 college students in Guizhou Miao, Qinghai and Gansu Tibetan Autonomous regions. Because of the comparison with cross-cultural adaptability, 20 volunteers from different countries participating in the AIESEC overseas internship program in Poland were also investigated. Among them, 10 support volunteers and 10 overseas project volunteers made a video interview. The criteria for both groups were to have a local project for at least a month and go through a complete process of cross-cultural adaptation. The main research topic is the changes that the individual produces in the whole process of adaptation, the conflicts encountered, the factors that affect the process of cross-cultural adaptation, The development mode of cross-cultural adaptation and the similarities and differences between cross-national cultural adaptation and cross-national cultural adaptation. Based on Colleen Ward's theory of psychological adaptation and sociocultural adaptation, as well as the three kinds of factors that Stella Ting-Toomey summarizes affecting cross-cultural adaptation, this paper adopts qualitative research method, collects data through questionnaire and in-depth interview. The questionnaire was based on the cross-cultural adaptation assessment scale provided by Bringle, Robert G., Phillips, Mindy A. Hu Hudson, Michael's "Themeasure of service Learning: research scales to assess student experiences". A questionnaire was designed for the cross-cultural adaptation of college students' teaching volunteers and the cross-cultural adaptation of overseas interns. The survey included personal information, participants' perceptions of the project, and adaptation to local activities. Focusing on the motivation and expectation of the participants, this paper focuses on the cultural conflicts encountered by the participants during the activities, the degree of social participation, the social support received and so on. The interview part is based on the questionnaire to further understand the participants' evaluation of the project and their own performance. The results show that the main factors that affect the process of cross-cultural adaptation are social environment, personal characteristics and interpersonal communication, whether transnational cultural adaptation or domestic cross-cultural adaptation, the development model is biased to W-shaped curve model. The significance of the results is not only to provide the basis for the study of cross-national cultural adaptation of university students' teaching volunteers from different backgrounds, but also to provide guidance for public welfare organizations to conduct relevant cross-cultural training. It also helps to promote more researchers to pay attention to the field of cross-cultural communication and adaptation of ethnic minorities.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G05

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