民国保守主义的新文化异托邦研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 07:57

本文选题：民国保守主义 + 异托邦　；参考：《武汉大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：本论文从反思现代化的角度出发,重新界定中国保守主义的起源和发展,首次明确地提出民国保守主义的概念,从而为中国保守主义的研究提供了一种新的研究视角。在研究过程中,本论文首次从被绝大多数研究者所忽略的副文本的角度切入民国保守主义,从而为中国保守主义的研究提供了一种新的研究领域。在研究方法方面,本论文又首次在宏观上、整体上综合运用了不同学科的理论知识——尤其是运用福柯的异托邦理论对民国保守主义进行跨学科研究,从而为中国保守主义的研究开启了一种新的研究思路。福柯曾在多种场合、多种论著作中阐释其异托邦理论,从中可以抽象出异托邦多种多样的特点,而这些特点又与民国保守主义者表现出的如何取舍中西文化以重构新文化而实现其救亡图存宏愿的思想文化主张存在着诸多契合之处。民国保守主义者对新文化的阐发,从宏观上看就是建构了一个新文化异托邦,而这个新文化异托邦在微观上所表现出的不同特点又使其可分别被称为危机异托邦、监视异托邦、调适异托邦以及补偿异托邦。论文第一章基于危机异托邦的特点而展开论述,即结合异托邦所天然具有的危机意识或灾难色彩阐释民国保守主义者在建构新文化过程中所体现出的忧国忧民之心。民国保守主义者的新文化建构固然始于他们对现代化——尤其是西方化的反思,但他们阐释其思想文化主张的第一步则始于绘制一个充满忧患和危机的社会图景。在“第一次世界大战”已然充分暴露西方文化之弊端而传统文化的价值又一直被埋没的情况下,民国保守主义者为崇尚西化之风和贬抑传统之潮而忧心忡忡。最为重要的是,崇尚西化之风与贬抑传统之潮双双加剧了伦理失范和道德沦丧,而这显然有碍于救亡图存。客观而言,民国保守主义者绘制的社会图景颇具“过虑”成份,像现实又不完全现实,所以它实际上是一个充满忧患的异托邦。论文第二章、第三章分别基于监视异托邦的特点和调适异托邦的特点而展开论述。前者结合了异托邦有限度地对外开放的特点,后者则结合了异托邦注重保持自身特有属性而又顺应时势的特点。二者分别阐释了民国保守主义者在建构新文化过程中所表现出的实事求是地反思西方文化、反省传统文化的评判态度和以应时需地借鉴西方文化、延续传统文化的取舍原则。在评判、取舍西方文化方面,民国保守主义者既批判西化的思想行为所存在的误区,又重新阐释西方文化的真正价值之所在,进一步拓展国人所认知的西方文化的外延,并积极取其所急需的内容,同时刻意舍弃或遮蔽其所不需要的内容。因之,民国保守主义者对西方文化的态度是既不排斥也非来者不拒,从而使其建构的异托邦时刻监视着西方文化进入中国。至于在评判、取舍传统文化方面,民国保守主义者在纠正时人刻意误读并刻意贬低传统文化的基础上,努力还原以儒家思想为代表的传统文化的真义,大力倡导承继或延续传统文化——尤指传统的伦理道德。民国保守主义者对传统文化的倡导侧重于揭示其应时对景的价值意义,从而使其建构的异托邦表现出一种顺应时势而又契合时势的调适性特征。其实,监视异托邦对西方文化的取舍以及调适异托邦对传统文化的抉择是民国保守主义者所建构的新文化异托邦的一体之两面,其最终的走向则是建构和合中西文化的新文化以引导中国摆脱救亡图存之困境。这种新文化既比照着纯粹意义上的西方文化,又比照着纯粹意义上的传统文化,从而在对比之中呈现自己的优势或裨补自己的缺陷。但是,民国保守主义者建构新文化的主要目的不是展现传统文化的优越性,而是借鉴他者文化并改造传统文化以促进中华民族的生存与发展。所以,论文第四章基于补偿异托邦的特征而展开论述,即结合异托邦往往比照着现实空间污浊不堪或混乱无序的特点,侧重于阐发民国保守主义者和合中西文化以重构新文化的崇高理想,同时展现民国保守主义者对不同的西方形象的想象性描写。通过论述民国保守主义副文本中的异托邦建构,本论文揭示出民国保守主义者在保守的外衣下所潜藏着的强烈的危机意识和爱国思想。民国保守主义者其实并不保守,而这种不保守一方面表现为民国保守主义者倡导延续的传统文化是改良后的因时制宜、因地制宜的传统文化而非一成不变的完全意义上的传统文化；另一方面又表现为民国保守主义者虽极力反对全盘西化的观点却并不排斥有选择、有限度地吸收确实具有借鉴意义的西方文化。可以说,民国保守主义者极为敏锐地意识到西方文化对传统文化的腐蚀和侵害,同时又极具前瞻性地预见到建构具有本民族特色的民族文化的必要性和迫切性。因之,民国保守主义者所建构的新文化异托邦有助于唤起或重申国人的民族意识、国家意识,以及隐藏于二者之后的国际竞争意识。
[Abstract]:From the angle of reflection of modernization, this paper redefines the origin and development of Chinese Conservatism, and first clearly puts forward the concept of conservatism in the Republic of China, thus providing a new perspective for the study of Chinese Conservatism. In the course of the study, this paper is the first of the paranus which is ignored by the overwhelming majority of the researchers. It provides a new field of research for the study of conservatism in China. In the field of research, this paper, for the first time, comprehensively applies the theoretical knowledge of different disciplines on the whole, especially the interdisciplinary study of the conservatism of the Republic of China by using Foucault's theory of the utopian state. The study of Chinese conservatism has opened up a new way of thinking.
In a variety of occasions, Foucault has explained his theory of Utopian theory in many kinds of works. From it, it can abstract a variety of characteristics of the utopian, and these features have many conjunctions with the ideology and culture of the Conservatives in the Republic of China for reconstructing the new culture in order to restructure the new culture to save the nation from subjugation. The elucidation of the new culture by the Conservatives is the construction of a new cultural hetero Utopian from the macroscopic view, and the different characteristics of the new cultural Utopian Utopian can be called the crisis Utopian, to monitor the isoputopia, to adjust the utopian state and to compensate for the utopian state. The new cultural construction of the Conservatives of the Republic of China began with their reflection on modernization, especially westernization, but they explained their ideas. The first step of cultural advocacy begins with a social scene full of crisis and crisis. In the case of "World War I", which has fully exposed the disadvantages of western culture and the value of traditional culture has been buried, the Conservatives in the Republic of China are worried about the trend of advocating westernization and degrading tradition. It is that the wind of advocating westernization and the derogatory tradition both aggravate the ethical anomie and moral decay, which obviously hinders the salvation of the nation. Objectively, the social scenes drawn by the Conservatives in the Republic of China are rather "worried" elements, like reality and not completely realistic, so it is a real Utopian full of anxiety. The second chapter of the thesis, The third chapter is based on the characteristics of the monitoring of the isoputopia and the adjustment of the characteristics of the isoputopia. The former combines the characteristics of the foreign opening of the utopian States, while the latter combines the characteristics of the ISO states to maintain their own unique attributes and conform to the current situation. The two interprets the process of constructing the new cultural process by the Conservatives in the Republic of China respectively. To reflect the western culture, to reflect on the western culture, to reflect on the attitude of the traditional culture and to draw on the western culture and to continue the principle of the traditional culture. In judging and taking up the western culture, the Conservatives in the Republic of China criticized the misunderstandings of the westernized ideology and behavior, and reinterpreted the true western culture. The value is to further expand the extension of the western culture recognized by the Chinese, and actively take the necessary content, while abandoning or obscure what it does not need. For it, the conservative attitude of the Republic of the Republic of China is neither repellant nor rejected, so that his construction of the utopian moment monitoring Xi Fangwen In terms of judging and taking up the traditional culture, the Conservatives in the Republic of China, on the basis of correct misreading and degrading traditional culture, tried to restore the true meaning of the traditional culture represented by Confucianism, and vigorously advocated the inheritance or continuation of traditional culture, especially the traditional ethics. The advocacy of traditional culture focuses on revealing the value meaning of its current situation, thus making the different Utopian conforming to the current situation and adapting to the current situation. In fact, monitoring the choice of the western culture and adjusting the choice of the traditional culture by the isoputopia are the new construction of the Conservatives in the Republic of China. The ultimate trend of the cultural isoputopia is to construct and integrate the new culture of Chinese and Western culture in order to guide China to get rid of the plight of saving the nation from subjugation. This new culture, compared with the pure western culture and the traditional culture in the pure sense, presents its own advantages and benefits in contrast. However, the main purpose of the Republican conservatives to construct a new culture is not to show the superiority of the traditional culture, but to draw on the other culture and to reform the traditional culture in order to promote the survival and development of the Chinese nation. Therefore, the fourth chapter of the thesis is based on the characteristics of compensating the utopian state, which is often compared with the reality. The characteristics of the unbearable or disordered and chaotic between the Conservatives of the Republic of China and the lofty ideals of reconstructing the new culture in the Republic of China and the Chinese and Western culture, and showing the imaginary description of the different western images by the Conservatives in the Republic of China.
By discussing the ISO Utopian construction in the conservative paranoties of the Republic of China, this paper reveals the strong sense of crisis and patriotism that the Conservatives in the Republic of China hidden under the conservative clothes. The Conservatives in the Republic of China are not conservative in fact, but on the one hand, the conservative advocates of the traditional culture advocated by the Conservatives of the Republic of China. It is the traditional culture that is adapted to local conditions and local conditions, but not the traditional culture in the complete sense. On the other hand, the Conservatives of the Republic of China, although they strongly oppose all westernization, do not exclude the choice and absorb the western culture that is indeed of reference. The righteous is extremely aware of the corrosion and invasion of the western culture to the traditional culture, and foresees the necessity and urgency of constructing the national culture with its own characteristics. And the international awareness of competition after the two.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G122

【参考文献】