农业文化遗产与农业类文化景观遗产比较研究

发布时间：2019-08-13 19:06

【摘要】：自联合国粮农组织(FAO)发起全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)保护项目以来,在有关国际组织和中国等国家政府的支持下,在项目的申报与管理、科学研究与科学普及、遗产保护示范与经验推广等方面取得了显著成绩。但因为各种原因,仍然存在着对GIAHS概念、内涵与保护重要性认识上的不足,甚至混淆了与联合国教科文组织的文化景观之间的区别。文章在有关文献的基础上,结合被列为GIAHS的项目和世界遗产中的农业文化景观项目进行了对比分析。可以发现,农业文化遗产与农业文化景观发起背景有一定的相似性,但是发起的目的和意义不同;在概念上,前者不仅关注过去和现在,还关注未来,而后者更多的关注过去和现在;在评选标准上,前者强调系统性,即多重指标须同时具备,后者强调个性和特色,只要满足某一个条件即可;在保护思路上,前者强调动态保护与适应性管理,后者强调真实性和完整性的静态保护。因此,农业文化遗产有其独特的价值,对于实现联合国粮农组织的战略目标具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Since the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) launched the (GIAHS) protection project of important agricultural cultural heritage in the world, with the support of relevant international organizations and the governments of China and other countries, remarkable achievements have been made in the application and management of the project, scientific research and scientific popularization, heritage protection demonstration and experience promotion, and so on. However, due to various reasons, there is still a lack of understanding of the concept, connotation and importance of protection of GIAHS, and even confuses the difference between the cultural landscape of UNESCO and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). On the basis of the relevant literature, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the projects listed as GIAHS and the agricultural cultural landscape projects in the World Heritage site. It can be found that the background of agricultural cultural heritage is similar to that of agricultural cultural landscape, but the purpose and significance of the initiation are different; in concept, the former not only pays attention to the past and the present, but also pays more attention to the future, while the latter pays more attention to the past and the present. In the selection criteria, the former emphasizes the systematicness, that is, multiple indicators must have at the same time, the latter emphasizes personality and characteristics, as long as a certain condition can be met. In terms of protection ideas, the former emphasizes dynamic protection and adaptive management, while the latter emphasizes static protection of authenticity and integrity. Therefore, agricultural cultural heritage has its unique value and is of great significance to the realization of the strategic objectives of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
【作者单位】：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：农业部国际交流与合作项目“中国的全球重要农业文化遗产保护” 云南省红河州委托项目“云南红河哈尼梯田保护的产业发展支撑研究”
【分类号】：G122

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