法国重商主义政策推行成功的原因及影响

发布时间：2018-04-26 19:19

本文选题：重商主义 + 路易十四　；参考：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：晚期重商主义不再遵循早期重商主义限制金钱输出的观点,而是强调金钱的流动、贸易的发展、限制外国商品的输入、在国与国贸易中保持“贸易顺差”。16-18世纪期间,重商主义无论是在理论著作、学说方面还是在国家政治经济方面都有长足的发展,以至于在欧洲范围了一股形成了 “重商主义潮流”。欧洲各主要国家加入到这一潮流中去,纷纷在国内利用行政力量干预经济发展。荷兰和英国搭上了重商主义这班“快车”,一个成为17世纪的“霸主”,一个成为紧跟其后的第二大经济体。不甘屈尊其后的法国也抓住这个机会,在国内推行重商主义政策,大力促进国内工商制造业和贸易业发展。重商主义政策的施行使财富得到了积累,为法国的政治、文化和军事的繁荣昌盛奠定基础,同时提升了法国综合实力和国际影响力。路易十四在位时期是法国中央集权上升到绝对主义王权的时期。拥有绝对主义王权的路易十四,可以动用国家一切力量支持重商主义经济发展。如授予工商制造业、海外贸易公司一些特权等。其实,法国的重商主义政策就是绝对主义王权在经济方面的体现。除此之外,路易十四任用有政治眼光和经济头脑的柯尔伯(Jean-Baptiste Colbert)为财政大臣,负责重商主义政策实施的各项工作。柯尔伯出身于经商世家,深谙“商业是财富源泉”之道;又多年为马扎然打理家产,积累了很多财政方面的经验,因此在柯尔伯担任法国财政大臣时,雇佣商人为“智囊团”听取他们的意见和建议。在宗教信仰方面,柯尔伯不拘一格,只要是能为法国经济发展做贡献的人才,柯尔伯不管其是否是新教徒身份。经过重商主义的发展,法国综合国力达到的顶峰,也成就了路易十四“太阳王”的称号。然而,由于路易十四后期穷兵黩武、重商主义核心人物柯尔伯的去世,法国重商主义政策带来的财富逐渐被消耗殆尽。随着法国财政赤字逐年增加,最终酝酿成巨大的财政危机,为法国大革命埋下了祸根。
[Abstract]:The late mercantilism no longer followed the view of the early mercantilism to restrict the export of money, but emphasized the flow of money, the development of trade, the restriction of the import of foreign goods, and the maintenance of a "trade surplus" between countries during the 16-18th century. Mercantilism has made great progress in both theoretical works, doctrine and national politics and economy, so that a trend of mercantilism has been formed in Europe. Major European countries have joined the trend, using administrative power to interfere with economic development at home. The Netherlands and Britain took the mercantilist fast train, one to become the 17 th-century hegemon and the other the second largest economy to follow. Unwilling to condescend to the subsequent France also seized this opportunity to promote domestic mercantilism policy and vigorously promote domestic industrial and commercial manufacturing and trade development. The implementation of mercantilism policy accumulated wealth, laid the foundation for the prosperity of French politics, culture and military, and promoted the comprehensive strength and international influence of France. The reign of Louis XIV was the period when the centralization of French power rose to the period of absolutism Wang Quan. Louis XIV, with absolute Wang Quan, can use all the country's strength to support mercantilist economic development. Such as the granting of industrial and commercial manufacturing, overseas trading companies some privileges and so on. In fact, France's mercantilist policy is absolute Wang Quan in economic aspects of the embodiment. In addition, Louis XIV appointed the politically and economically minded Jean-Baptiste Colbert as Chancellor of the Exchequer, responsible for the implementation of mercantilist policies. Born into a business family, Colbert knew that business was the source of wealth, and for many years he had accumulated a lot of financial experience for Mazzaran, so that when Kirber was minister of the exchequer of France, he was French chancellor of the exchequer. Hire businessmen as "think tanks" to listen to their opinions and suggestions. In terms of religious belief, Colbert was unorthodox, regardless of whether he was Protestant or not, as long as he was able to contribute to France's economic development. After the development of mercantilism, the comprehensive national strength of France reached the peak, also made Louis XIV "Sun King" title. However, due to the militarism of Louis XIV and the death of Colbert, the core of mercantilism, the wealth brought about by French mercantilism was gradually depleted. With France's fiscal deficit increasing year by year, a huge fiscal crisis was finally brewing, laying the root of the French Revolution.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K565

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