解释水平与情境变化对时间估计的影响

发布时间：2018-03-05 00:07

本文选题：解释水平　切入点：情景变化水平　出处：《河北师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：日常生活中,通常需要个体对未来事件进行时间估计,从而进行规划。然而,个体的时间估计受到主观和客观两方面的影响,因此对于同样的情境,个体可能会做出不同的时间估计。主观上来看,根据解释水平理论(Construal Level Theory),个体对事件的心理表征影响他们对时间的估计。Trope和Liberman(2003)认为个体对事件的表征更抽象、非情境化即高水平解释时,倾向对任务高估;对事件的表征更为具体、情境化即低水平解释时,被试倾向低估任务时间。当下与实验任务之间的心理距离也可以影响个体的心理表征。研究表明启动远心理距离使被试产生高水平的心理表征,启动近心理距离导致低水平的心理表征,因此本研究通过想象未来生活情境的方式启动被试不同的心理距离,从而使被试产生对事件或抽象、或具体的表征。然而,在现实情境中,通常情境不是一成不变的。客观上来看,情境的变化水平也会影响被试对时间的估计。根据注意闸门理论(Attention Gate Theory),当人们认为情境是刺激丰富的、多变的时,更倾向于低估时间;若被试把情境判断为单一、枯燥的时,更倾向于高估时间。对客观变化水平相同的情境,采用的主观解释水平不同,也会导致被试对时间的不同估计(HansenTrope,2012)。因此,个体对时间的估计不仅受到主观解释水平的影响,还受到客观情境变化发生的水平的影响。本研究通过操作被试的解释水平和任务情景变化水平,来探讨二者对时间估计的影响。研究一通过启动被试的远/近的心理距离,然后对屏幕上呈现的一系列字母进行时间估计,来验证远心理距离高估、近心理距离低估的倾向;研究二、研究三增加了情境变化水平的变量,实验过程与实验一一致,来探讨是否在知觉和概念变化水平上都存在解释水平和变化水平的匹配效应。经研究主要得出以下结论:(1)心理距离影响被试对实验任务持续时间的估计,远心理距离导致高估,近心理距离导致低估。(2)被试的解释水平与实验任务的变化水平之间存在匹配效应,即启动高/低的解释水平,当操作实验情境进行高/低水平变化时,被试对时间的估计最短。当解释水平与实验任务的变化水平不匹配时,被试对时间的估计更长。(3)被试的心理距离在知觉水平上与实验任务的变化水平之间存在匹配效应,而在概念水平上并不存在。
[Abstract]:In daily life, it is usually necessary for individuals to estimate the time of future events in order to plan. However, the time estimates of individuals are affected by both subjective and objective aspects, so for the same situation, Individuals may make different time estimates. Subjectively, according to the level of interpretation theory, the psychological representation of events affects their estimation of time. Trope and Libermann 2003) think that individuals are more abstract about the representation of events. When non-situational interpretation is high level interpretation, it tends to overestimate the task, while the representation of event is more specific, when situational interpretation is low level explanation, Participants tend to underestimate the task time. The psychological distance between the present and the experimental task can also affect the psychological representation of the individual. Starting close psychological distance leads to low level of psychological representation, so this study initiated different psychological distance by imagining the future life situation, so that the participants can produce abstract or concrete representation of events. However, In a real situation, the situation is usually not fixed. Objectively, the level of change in the situation also affects the participants' estimation of time. According to the attention-gate theory, when people think that the situation is rich in stimulus and changeable, They tend to underestimate time; if they judge the situation as single and boring, they tend to overestimate the time. The subjective interpretation level is different for the situation with the same objective change level. It also leads to different estimation of time in subjects. Therefore, individual estimation of time is influenced not only by subjective interpretation level, but also by subjective interpretation level. It was also affected by the level of objective situational changes. This study explored the effects of the two factors on time estimation by manipulating the participants' level of interpretation and the level of task situational changes. Then a series of letters presented on the screen were estimated to verify the tendency to overestimate the psychological distance and underestimate the mental distance near the distance. In the second study, study 3 added variables to the level of situational change, and the process of the experiment was consistent with that of experiment 1. To explore whether there is a matching effect between the level of interpretation and the level of change at the level of perception and conceptual change. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: 1) the psychological distance affects the estimation of the duration of the experiment task, and the remote psychological distance leads to overestimation. Close psychological distance led to underestimation. 2) there was a matching effect between the interpretation level of the subjects and the change level of the experiment task, that is, the high / low explanation level was initiated, and when the experiment situation was changed at a high / low level, there was a matching effect between the interpretation level and the change level of the experiment task. When the level of explanation did not match with the change level of the experiment task, the estimated time of the subjects was longer. 3) the psychological distance of the subjects had a matching effect between the perceptual level and the change level of the experiment task. At the conceptual level, however, it does not exist.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842

【相似文献】