时间—空间关联的共同中介表征结构及其灵活性

发布时间：2018-03-23 16:54

本文选题：中介共同表征　切入点：中介独立表征　出处：《河北师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：人们对抽象概念“时间”的认知加工,通常通过空间表征来实现,即空间-时间联合编码(STEARC)效应。根据时间-空间表征领域的已有研究结果,本研究尝试归纳从加工时间/空间信息到进行空间反应之间发生的认知过程,可能存在的三种表征结构:直接表征结构、共同中介表征结构和独立中介表征结构。直接表征结构是空间/时间信息直接与左或右侧空间反应关联;共同中介表征结构指时间/空间信息先形成相应的空间编码结构,而且二者的中介空间编码结构是共享的,进而产生空间反应;独立中介表征结构中,时间和空间信息也首先形成相应的中介空间编码结构,但是时间信息和空间信息的中介结构相互独立,进而分别产生相应的空间反应。三种结构类型在时间-空间表征领域各有证据支持,目前最多的理论和实证研究证据支持共同中介表征结构,但是没有研究直接、系统地探讨时间-空间表征机制的结构类型问题。本研究旨在考察时间-空间表征的结构类型,根据已有研究结果,假设时间-空间关联机制符合共同中介表征结构,同时检验该结构的灵活性。研究包括三个实验,均采用结合诱导任务和特征任务的双任务实验范式,代表过去或未来意义的时间概念和呈现在屏幕左或右侧的方框作为实验的呈现刺激,通过左或右手的按键反应或左/右眼跳反应进行任务判断。实验1中的诱导任务是呈现在屏幕中央的白色时间词,要求被试判断词语的时间意义,时间-空间映射一致组按照过去-左,未来-右的反应方式进行按键反应,不一致组按照过去-右,未来-左的方式进行判断。特征任务是呈现在屏幕中央的红色时间词,要求被试通过左右手按键判断字体是直体还是斜体,反应方式被试间平衡。两种任务随机呈现。结果发现诱导任务中的不一致组在特征任务中表现出反转的STEARC效应,与一致组相反。也就是说,诱导任务中习得的时间-空间映射方式影响了他们在特征任务中的表现,表明从时间信息加工到空间反应不是直接发生,而是存在某种中介结构。实验2进一步考察时间-空间联合符合哪种中介结构类型。特征任务与实验1一致,诱导任务换成呈现在屏幕左或右侧的白色方框作为空间刺激,通过空间刺激检验诱导任务中的不一致空间位置-空间反应映射规则是否仍然影响特征任务中的时间-空间联合。结果发现诱导任务中不一致组被试在特征任务中仍然出现反转的STEARC效应,说明空间不一致映射同样影响时间-空间表征方式,即空间信息与时间信息共享加工过程中的空间编码中介结构,支持共同中介表征结构。实验3在实验2的基础上,进一步探索这种共同中介表征结构在反应器水平上是否具有灵活性,即特定反应联结效应。特征任务同实验2,诱导任务的反应器换为眼动反应。结果发现,被试在诱导任务(眼动反应)中建立的空间不一致映射规则没有影响特征任务(手动反应)中的时间-空间表征形式,仍然表现出常规的STEARC效应,表明存在反应器水平上的特定反应联结效应。也就是说,在一种反应器中习得的映射方式不能应用到其他反应器中。总之,本研究通过3个双任务范式实验,发现时间-空间联合机制符合共同中介表征结构。而且这种共同中介表征结构在反应器水平上存在灵活性(特定反应联结效应),即只有在相同反应器中才会出现时间信息和空间信息的空间编码中介结构共享。
[Abstract]:The abstract concept of "time" cognitive processing, usually through the representation of space to achieve, namely space-time joint encoding (STEARC) effect. According to the existing research results of time - domain of spatial representation, this study tries to conclude from the processing time / space information to the cognitive process between the three kinds of reaction space, structure characterization there may be direct characterization of the structure, the common intermediate representation structure and independent intermediary structure. The characterization of structure characterization is space / time and space information directly to the left or right reaction Association; intermediary common characterization structure refers to the time / space information to form a spatial encoding structure, and the structure of the two encoding intermediary space is shared. Then the space reaction; independent intermediary representation structure, temporal and spatial information is firstly formed between space structure of the encoding, but time and space Intermediary structure information independent of each other, and then generate the corresponding reaction space. Three types of structure in the spatial representation of time - field evidence supports the current common intermediate representation structure theory and empirical research on most of the evidence, but no studies directly, structure type system to explore problems in time and space. The structure type token mechanism the purpose of this study is to investigate the characterization of time and space, according to the existing research results, assuming the time space correlation mechanism conforms to the common intermediate representation structure, and to test the flexibility of the structure. The research includes three experiments, the dual task paradigm was used with induction tasks and characteristics of tasks, meaning the past or the future and present the concept of time on the left side or the right side of the screen box as the experimental stimulus, through the key reaction or left / left or right hand in the right eye jump reaction task sentenced Broken. Induction task in Experiment 1 showed white time words in the middle of the screen, the subjects were required to judge the time words meaning, time - space mapping group in the past - left - right, future reaction mode button response, the inconsistent group in the past - right, the future left the way to judge. The characteristics of task is to appear red time words in the middle of the screen, participants were asked by the right hand button is straight or italic font judgment, reaction mode between subjects. The balance of two tasks were presented. The results show that the inconsistency in task induced group showed the reverse STEARC effect on the characteristics of task, contrary to the group. That is to say, in the time of acquisition task induced spatial mapping way affect the characteristics of their performance in the task, that from time to space information processing reactions do not occur directly, but there is a certain intermediary structure. Experiment 2 we further investigated temporal spatial structure which meet the characteristics of tasks and intermediary type. In Experiment 1, inducing tasks in exchange for showing in the left side or the right side of the screen white box as space stimulation by inconsistent spatial stimulus test tasks in position space - induced reaction mapping rules are still in effect characteristics a space time joint. The results found that the induction of task inconsistency in the subjects of the reversal of the STEARC effect still appear in the characteristics of task, spatial inconsistency mapping also affects the temporal spatial representation, spatial information and time information sharing space structure in the process of encoding intermediary, intermediary support common structure. In 3 experimental characterization in Experiment 2, on the basis of further exploring whether such common intermediary representation structure has the flexibility in the reactor level, specific reaction coupling effect. The characteristics of Ren Is the same as experiment 2, the reactor for the task induced oculomotor response. The results showed that the subjects in the induction task (eye-movementmediated) established in space inconsistent mapping rules did not affect the characteristics of task (manual reaction) in time - space representation, still showed the STEARC effect of conventional, indicated the presence of specific response connection the effect of reactor level. That is to say, in a way of mapping acquisition in the reactor can be applied to other reactor. In short, this study through 3 experiments found that the dual task paradigm, temporal spatial mechanism conforms to the common characterization of the structure. And the common intermediary intermediary structure there is flexibility in the reactor characterization level (specific reaction coupling effect), shared space encoding structure is only in the same medium in the reactor will appear time and space information.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842.1

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