朋辈心理辅导在个体咨询中的运用

发布时间：2018-03-24 08:05

本文选题：朋辈心理辅导　切入点：个体咨询　出处：《鲁东大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：朋辈心理辅导是通过筛选具备一定心理素养和有志于服务他人的心理学爱好者，通过专业知识与辅导技巧等内容系列化培训后，给予有一般心理困惑的人，提供情感支持、安慰情绪、积极鼓励、转变认知以及行为指导的持续性、朋友式的陪伴与帮助的过程。朋辈心理辅导的出现缓解了高校学生心理需求求助量大与服务资源提供匮乏的矛盾，同时实践研究表明：来访者和朋辈心理辅导员之间的信赖与友谊关系是朋辈心理辅导最大的优势，双方天然的鸿沟小、共同性大、互动性高，这样就大大降低了来访者的防御性，能够有效的减少咨询中阻抗发生的几率。从而拉近朋辈心理辅导员与来访者之间的距离，便于了解来访者的真实感受和想法。因此，高校心理健康教育对朋辈心理辅导的工作愈加重视。但是据以往的研究显示，朋辈心理辅导在工作实践上还普遍存在一些问题，主要体现在从事朋辈心理辅导的人员其专业素质不是很高，因此本研究希望通过提供一个具体而详尽的、情境式的体验，能够给予朋辈心理辅导员一定的启发和帮助，进而提高其心理咨询技巧。本文在研究过程中，采用文献查阅和个案研究的方法。以人本主义为理论基础，利用朋辈心理辅导自身的优势，创设良好的“心理气氛”，给来访者以真诚、无条件的尊重和准确的共情，从而调动来访者自身的潜力，以解决其自身的问题。本文主要从以下五个部分对本课题进行了研究：第一部分绪论：主要从本论文的选题缘由、国内外有关研究现状及趋势、研究方法、思路以及本文的创新点加以说明。第二部分朋辈心理辅导概述：通过文献查阅的方法，具体说明了朋辈心理辅导的理论、含义、分类及朋辈心理辅导的素质要求，同时重点强调了朋辈特点与心理辅导的联系：基于朋辈关系，朋辈心理辅导员可以更容易地创设良好的“心理氛围”，给来访者真诚、无条件的积极关注和准确的共情。第三部分朋辈心理辅导员在咨询中的态度及基本技能：由于朋辈辅导员目前所欠缺的是专业性的指导，所以本部分就将重点放在了介绍作为朋辈辅导员所应该具备的一些基本的专业素养和基本技能，以期对日后朋辈辅导员的培训有一定的参考价值。第四部分朋辈心理辅导的案例：本部分为该研究的核心部分，通过朋辈心理辅导员的现身说法，具体实施了一个个案研究：针对一例高三学生人际关系敏感和不自信的心理问题，通过建立朋辈关系，实施心理辅导，，最终达到预期的咨询效果。第五部分分析总结与建议：针对第四部分的个案进行了整体的解读与反思总结，肯定了朋辈心理辅导的咨询效果以及本研究的意义，同时也对今后培训朋辈心理辅导员工作提出了自己的一些看法和建议。
[Abstract]:Peer psychological counseling is to provide emotional support to people with general psychological confusion by screening psychological enthusiasts who have certain psychological literacy and are willing to serve others, and through the series of training of professional knowledge and counseling skills, etc. Comforting emotion, positive encouragement, changing cognition and the persistence of behavior guidance, the process of companionship and help by friends. The appearance of peer psychological counseling alleviates the contradiction between the large amount of psychological demand for help and the lack of service resources for college students. At the same time, the practical research shows that the relationship of trust and friendship between visitors and peer counselors is the biggest advantage of peer counseling, the natural gap between the two parties is small, the commonality is large, and the interaction is high. This greatly reduces the defensive nature of the visitors, effectively reduces the probability of impedance occurring in counseling, and thus draws closer the distance between the peer counselors and the visitors, thus facilitating the understanding of the true feelings and ideas of the visitors. Mental health education in colleges and universities pays more and more attention to peer counseling. However, according to previous studies, there are still some problems in the practice of peer counseling. It is mainly reflected in the fact that the professional quality of the peer counsellors is not very high. Therefore, this study hopes to provide a specific and detailed, situational experience that can give some inspiration and help to the peer psychological counselors. And then improve their psychological counseling skills. In the course of the research, this paper adopts the methods of literature review and case study. Based on the theory of humanism and the advantage of peer psychological counseling, this paper creates a good "psychological atmosphere" to give the visitors sincerity. Unconditional respect and accurate empathy, thus mobilizing the visitor's own potential to solve their own problems. This paper mainly studies this topic from the following five parts:. The first part of the introduction: mainly from the reason of this paper, domestic and foreign related research status and trends, research methods, ideas and innovative points to explain. The second part summarizes the theory, meaning, classification and quality requirements of peer psychological counseling through literature review. At the same time, the relationship between peer characteristics and psychological counseling is emphasized: based on the peer relationship, it is easier for the peer psychological counselors to create a good "psychological atmosphere" to give the visitors sincere, unconditional and positive attention and accurate empathy. The third part is the attitude and basic skills of peer counselors in counseling: because what the peer counselors lack at present is professional guidance, So this part will focus on the introduction of the peer counselors should have some basic professional literacy and basic skills, with a view to the future peer counselors training has a certain reference value. The fourth part of the case of peer psychological counseling: this part is divided into the core part of the study, through the peer psychological counselors' experience, A case study was carried out: according to a case of psychological problems of high school students' interpersonal sensitivity and unconfidence, the expected counseling effect was achieved by establishing peer relationship and implementing psychological counseling. The fifth part analyzes the summary and suggestions: the fourth part of the case for the overall interpretation and reflection summary, affirmed the peer counseling counseling effect and the significance of this study, At the same time, it also puts forward some opinions and suggestions for the future training of peer psychological counselors.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B849

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