认知风格、决策时间对道德决策的影响

发布时间：2018-03-24 21:36

本文选题：道德决策　切入点：认知风格　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我们的日常生活中,涉及到道德的事件无处不在,社会学,经济学等多个学科也对道德表现出了极大的兴趣并展开了大量的研究,而其中个体如何做出道德决策是心理学关注的焦点,早期的心理学家认为道德决策完全是对于事件的推理,强调了认知在道德决策中的作用而忽视了情绪与直觉对道德决策的影响,后来Hadit等人开始认识到了直觉在道德决策中的重要作用,并将其引入到了道德决策的研究。Greene(2007)则在以往研究的基础上,结合自己在认知神经科学的研究成果将情绪与控制性认知进行了整合,提出了道德决策的双加工模型,对道德决策做出了进一步的完善。研究发现个体在道德事件中的决策往往存在差异,而造成这种差异的因素众多。Krebs(1997)归纳了诸多影响道德决策的因素,包括情感状态,时间距离,道德困境的类型,情境的氛围等。而对道德决策的影响又不仅仅局限于这些因素,认知风格作为个体信息加工的典型方式与偏好,一直也是决策领域的研究热点,本研究将基于Greene的道德决策双加工模型,探讨认知风格是否会影响到个体的道德决策,同时结合实际,考察当决策时间较少而造成时间压力的条件下以及延长决策时间的条件下,不同认知风格的个体的道德决策是否存在差异。本研究包括两个实验,实验1考察认知风格对道德决策的影响。采用2(认知风格:理性/直觉)×2(道德困境:个人困境/非个人困境)混合设计,认知风格为被试间变量,道德困境为被试内变量,道德决策中的倾向为因变量。研究2包括两个实验,实验2a在实验1的基础上,进一步去研究当决策时间较少而造成时间压力的条件下是否会对不同认知风格个体在道德困境中的决策产生影响,实验2b在实验1的基础上,研究当延长决策时间的条件下是否又会对不同认知风格个体在道德困境中的选择产生影响。实验结果表明:(1)不同认知风格个体在道德困境中的决策倾向性与决策时间存在差异,在个人困境中,理性风格个体更倾向于去做符合功利主义的道德决策,同时耗费更多的决策时间,直觉风格个体更倾向于去做符合道义论的道德决策,同时耗费更少的决策时间。(2)有时间压力下的个人困境中,理性风格个体会减少其功利主义的道德决策倾向,相对于非时间压力会更多的去做符合道义论的道德决策。直觉风格个体则没有表现出显著的差异。(3)在决策时间延长的条件下,个体不会因为时间的增加而改变其信息加工方式。因此在时间延长与非时间延长条件下,不同认知风格个体在道德决策上的偏好不存在显著差异。
[Abstract]:In our daily life, moral events are everywhere, sociology, economics and other disciplines have shown great interest in morality and carried out a lot of research. And how individuals make moral decisions is the focus of psychological attention. The early psychologists thought that moral decision was entirely the reasoning of events. After emphasizing the role of cognition in moral decision-making and ignoring the influence of emotion and intuition on moral decision-making, Hadit et al began to realize the important role of intuition in moral decision-making. On the basis of previous research, we combine the research results of cognitive neuroscience to integrate emotion with controlled cognition, and put forward a double-processing model of moral decision-making. The study found that individual decision-making in moral events is often different, and that there are many factors that cause this difference. Krebs1997) summarizes many factors that affect moral decision-making, including emotional state, time distance, and so on. The influence on moral decision-making is not limited to these factors. As a typical way and preference of individual information processing, cognitive style has always been a hot research topic in the field of decision-making. This study will explore whether cognitive style will affect individual moral decision making based on Greene's double process model of moral decision, and combine with the practice at the same time. This study was conducted to investigate whether there were differences in moral decision-making among individuals with different cognitive styles under the condition of time pressure caused by less decision-making time and under the condition of prolonging decision-making time. This study includes two experiments. In experiment 1, the influence of cognitive style on moral decision-making was investigated. A mixed design of 2 (cognitive style: rationality / intuition) 脳 2 (moral dilemma: personal dilemma / non-personal dilemma) was used. Cognitive style was a variable between subjects, and moral dilemma was a variable within the subjects. The tendency in moral decision-making is dependent variable. Study 2 consists of two experiments. Experiment 2a is based on experiment 1. To further study whether it will affect the decision of individuals with different cognitive styles in the moral dilemma when the time pressure is less, experiment 2b is based on experiment 1. The results show that the decision tendency and decision time of different cognitive style individuals in moral dilemmas are different from that of different cognitive style individuals, and the results show that there are differences in the decision tendency and the decision time of different cognitive style individuals in moral dilemmas when the decision time is extended, the experiment results show that there are differences in the decision tendency and the decision time of different cognitive style individuals. In personal dilemma, rational style individuals tend to make utilitarian moral decisions and spend more time on decision-making, while intuitive style individuals are more inclined to make moral decisions in line with moral theory. At the same time, less time spent on decision-making. 2) under the pressure of time, the rational style of the individual will reduce its utilitarian tendency of moral decision-making. Compared with non-time pressure, it is more likely to make moral decisions in line with the moral theory. The intuitive style of the individual does not show significant difference. (3) under the condition of prolonged decision time, Individuals do not change their information processing methods because of the increase of time, so there is no significant difference in the preferences of individuals in different cognitive styles in moral decision-making under the condition of time extension and non-time prolongation.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.1

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