不同运算策略下工作记忆对小学生乘法运算的影响

发布时间：2018-03-24 22:43

本文选题：乘法运算　切入点：乘法策略　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究旨在研究小学生双位数乘法运算的策略对于乘法运算结果的影响,以及工作记忆的各个成分对于多位数乘法运算和策略选择的影响。实验一使用被试间设计,三组被试分别在使用结合律策略、使用分配率策略、以及可自由选择两种策略之一三种条件下对双位数乘法进行运算,记录反应时和正确率。结果显示使使用用分配率策略组反应时明显低于使用结合律和自由选择策略组,使用结合律组与自由选择策略组之间的反应时没有显著差异,三组被试的正确率没有差异。在策略自由选择上,被试选择分配律的频率高于结合律,并且会受到题目类型的影响。实验二使用被试内和被试间的混合实验设计,三组被试分别在中央执行受干扰、语音环路受干扰和视空受干扰三种条件下依次使用自由选择策略、结合律策略和分配律策略进行双位数乘法计算。结果发现,三种干扰下的策略选择并无差异。中央执行干扰组和视空干扰组之间反应时差异显著,在中央执行干扰下,被试的反应时更长。语音干扰组和视空干扰组之间正确率差异显著,相对于视空干扰,在语音干扰下被试的反应时会更高。中央执行组和语音干扰组之间差异不显著。结果表明,在使用不同运算策略情况下,视空模板的干扰效应要低于语音环路的干扰效应和中央执行系统的干扰效应。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to study the effect of the strategy of double-digit multiplication on the result of multiplication, and the effect of each component of working memory on multi-digit multiplication and strategy selection. Under the conditions of using combination law strategy, using allocation rate strategy, and freely choosing one of the two strategies, the three groups of subjects were able to perform operations on double digit multiplication, respectively. The results showed that the response time of the group using the allocation rate strategy was significantly lower than that of the group using the combination law and the group of free choice strategy, but there was no significant difference between the group using the combination law and the group of the free choice strategy. There was no difference in the correct rate among the three groups. In the free choice of strategy, the frequency of the allocation law was higher than that of the combination law, and it would be affected by the type of question. The three groups of subjects performed double-digit multiplication calculations under the conditions of central interference, speech loop interference and visual spatial interference, respectively, using the free selection strategy, combining the law strategy with the allocation law strategy. There was no difference in the choice of strategies between the three kinds of interference. There was significant difference in the response time between the central executive interference group and the visual space interference group, and the response time was longer in the central executive interference group, while the correct rate difference between the speech interference group and the visual space interference group was significant. There was no significant difference between the central executive group and the speech interference group. The results showed that in the case of using different operational strategies, the response time of the subjects was higher than that of the visual and spatial interference, and there was no significant difference between the central executive group and the speech interference group. The interference effect of visual space template is lower than that of speech loop and central executive system.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

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