注视位置和语义偏向对词汇加工的影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 00:17

本文选题：注视位置　切入点：语义偏向　出处：《天津师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在对拼音文字的研究中发现存在最佳注视位置效应,即当读者的首次注视落在单词的中心时,其对该单词的识别时间最短或再注视的概率最小。而在中文阅读中,注视点落在词的不同位置是否会对词汇加工产生不同的影响?与此同时,语义信息同样也在词汇加工中占据着很重要的角色。不同于拼音文字的复合词,中文中大多数的双字词是由两个独立的单元组成,各有其语义成分。在阅读时,语义信息的偏向是否会影响着眼动行为?因此,本研究旨在探讨注视位置和语义偏向对词汇加工的影响,并进一步验证中文双字词中是否存在最佳注视位置效应。本论文共包括三个实验：实验1采用词汇判断任务,来探讨注视位置和语义偏向对词汇加工的影响。实验以14名天津高校的大学生为被试(平均年龄24.9岁),采用2(注视位置：首字、尾字)×3(语义偏向：双中心词、左偏正词、右偏正词)的被试内设计。实验2在实验1的基础上,通过改变实验任务,采用词汇归类任务,让被试对目标词的词性进行归类,实验目的和实验设计同实验1相一致,被试由20名大学生组成(平均年龄23.5岁)。实验3以包含不同语义偏向的双字词作为目标词的句子为实验材料,以30名天津各大高校的大学生为被试(平均年龄25.1岁),采用与实验1、2相同的实验设计,考察在自然阅读过程中,注视位置和语义偏向对词汇加工的影响。在本研究的实验条件下,可以得到以下结果： (1)无论采用词汇判断任务,还是采用词汇归类任务,注视位置并不能影响被试对于双字词的凝视时间和再注视概率。 (2)在词汇判断任务和词汇归类任务中,首次注视落在首字时的首次注视时间明显长于首次注视落在尾字时的首次注视时间。表明在词汇加工的早期阶段,注视位置对双字词的加工会产生影响。首次注视落在尾字时,更利于对双字词的识别。 (3)在词汇判断任务中,高水平的语言因素——语义并没有影响到被试对于词汇的识别加工过程。 (4)在词汇归类任务中,当被试首次注视落在尾字时,被试对右偏正词的再注视概率明显低于双中心词。表明联合式合成词和偏正式合成词的信息表征方式有所差异,联合式合成词的词素之间会产生语义的竞争抑制,而偏正式合成词对词汇加工起到促进作用,特别是在尾字位置上。 (5)在自然阅读条件下,当被试注视位置落到语义信息丰富的区域时,其词汇加工的优势更大。主要表现在：当被试注视首字时,对左偏正词的凝视时间明显少于右偏正词；当被试注视尾字时,对右偏正词的凝视时间明显少于左偏正词。而对于双中心词,其首字和尾字上的凝视时间并无明显差异。结论表明：在中文阅读中,双字词中不存在最佳注视位置效应。但是在词汇加工的早期阶段,注视位置对双字词的加工会产生影响。而在自然阅读条件下,语境有助于被试对于语义信息的提取,被试的注视位置和双字词的语义偏向会对词汇加工产生影响。当被试注视语义信息丰富的区域时,其词汇加工时间更短。
[Abstract]:In the study of Chinese characters found in the optimal landing position effect, when the reader first fixation falls in the center of the word, the word recognition in the shortest time or at least probability. In Chinese reading, watching the fall in different position words have different effects on lexical processing? At the same time, also in the lexical semantic information processing plays a very important role. Compound words are different from alphabetic languages, words most of the Chinese is composed of two independent units, each has its semantic components. When reading, to semantic information will affect the eye movement behavior? Therefore, this study aims to investigate the gaze position and semantic bias effect on word processing, and further verify the existence of optimal landing position effect Chinese double word.
This paper consists of three experiments.
Experiment 1 used lexical decision tasks to explore the gaze position and semantic bias of the lexical processing. The experiment on 14 college students in Tianjin as subjects (mean age 24.9 years), with 2 (at position: the first word, tail word) * 3 (semantic bias: double word, the left side is the word right, partial words) within subjects design. In Experiment 2, based on 1 experiments, by changing the experimental task, the classified vocabulary task, subjects were asked to classify the target word, the purpose of the experiment and experimental design with 1 experimental subjects were consistent, consisting of 20 students (average age: 23.5 at the age of 3). Experiment with double word contains a different semantic preference as target word sentences as experimental materials, with 30 Tianjin universities students as subjects (average age 25.1), using the same experimental design and experimental study of 1,2, in the natural course of reading, eye position and semantic deviation The influence on the processing of vocabulary.
Under the experimental conditions of this study, the following results can be obtained:
(1) whether using lexical decision tasks or using lexical categorization tasks, the fixation position does not affect the subjects' gaze time and the re fixation probability of the double words.
(2) in the lexical decision task and lexical classification, first fixation falls first fixation in the first word of the first fixation time was significantly longer than the fall in the tail word the first fixation time. That in the early stages of lexical processing, watching the processing position pairs of words will have an impact. The first gaze falls on the end of the word when, more conducive to the recognition of words.
(3) in the task of word judgment, the high level of language factor - semantics does not affect the process of recognition and processing of the vocabulary.
(4) in the classified vocabulary task, when the participants fell on the tail first fixation words, subjects to stare at the right is the word probability was significantly lower than that of double center word. That characterization of information combined with compound words and partial formal compound words differ, inhibiting the generation of semantic between morphemes combined compound words in the competition, and to promote the role of partial formal compound words in lexical processing, especially in the end of the word position.
(5) in the natural reading condition, when the participants gaze position to regional rich semantic information, the lexical processing more advantages. Mainly in: when the participants watched the first word, on the left side is the word gaze time was significantly less than the right side is the word; when the participants watched tail words on the right, is the word gaze time was significantly less than the left side is the word. For the double center of the word, the first word and tail word on the fixation time had no obvious difference.
The results showed that in the Chinese reading, watching the best position effect does not exist double word. But in the early stage of lexical processing, watching the processing position pairs of words will have an impact. And in the natural reading condition, context is helpful to try to extract semantic information, semantic gaze position and double subjects the word bias will affect lexical processing. When the participants gazezone rich semantic information, the vocabulary processing time is shorter.

【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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