人类择偶复制的神经机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 11:41

本文选题：择偶复制　切入点：性别角色　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：择偶过程经常会受到社会环境的影响,其中择偶复制就是社会环境影响择偶过程的一种形式。越来越多的观察和实验研究都表明在鱼类、鸟类等动物群体中存在着择偶复制现象,将人类作为对象的研究中同样发生了择偶复制效应。择偶复制(mate copying),具体是指在择偶过程中,个体偏好受同性别他人择偶偏好影响的行为,是一种非独立的择偶策略。目前对择偶复制的研究大多停留在行为研究层面,且在性别变量上存在争议。为了更深入的探究择偶复制的发生机制及性别差异原因,本研究主要借助功能性核磁共振技术来探究择偶复制产生的神经基础及其性别差异。在本小组先前研究的基础上,实验设置感兴趣、不感兴趣与未表达意愿三种兴趣条件作为被试内变量,其中感兴趣条件作为择偶复制中的积极条件,不感兴趣作为消极条件,未表达意愿作为基线水平;选择男性被试和女性被试作为研究对象,并将性别角色纳入现有研究。实验一目的在于验证女性择偶复制效应及是否受性别角色影响;实验二借助功能性核磁共振技术得到不同类型被试(女性被试、男性男性化被试、男性女性化被试)的脑数据,进一步分析择偶复制的神经机制,及不同类型被试之间的行为及脑机制差异。最终,综合两个实验的结果,本研究得出以下结论:女性存在明显的择偶复制效应,且不受性别角色的影响;男女择偶复制行为结果存在差异。具体表现为,相比于基线水平,女性被试在积极条件和消极条件下都表现出了明显的择偶复制效应,而男性被试只在消极条件下表现出了择偶复制效应,而在积极条件下择偶复制效应并不显著。不同条件下,存在不同脑区的激活,被试在积极条件下激活了更多与共情相关的脑区,而在消极条件下激活了更多与直接观察学习有关的脑区;男女被试在择偶复制发生过程中激活的脑区存在差异,女性被试相比于男性被试激活了更多的共情相关脑区,而男性被试则激活了更多与直接观察学习有关的脑区。总体来说,择偶复制作为一种社会学习,其发生过程主要以镜像神经元系统为基础,包含了共情相关的脑区和直接观察学习的脑区,同时DLPFC的认知执行功能也在这种社会学习中起作用。本研究在先前对择偶复制研究的基础上,进一步改进了实验研究范式,加入基线水平,具体分析积极条件和消极条件下的择偶复制效应;同时加入性别角色变量,研究被试本身特质对择偶复制的影响;本研究借助功能性核磁共振的技术手段探究择偶复制的脑机制,为之后进一步研究择偶复制提供了依据和支持。
[Abstract]:Mate selection process is often affected by social environment, in which mate selection replication is a form of social environment influence mate selection process. More and more observation and experimental studies show that in fish, In birds and other animal groups, the phenomenon of mate selection replication also occurs in the study of human beings. The behavior of individual preference is influenced by the mate preference of other people of the same sex, and it is a non-independent mate selection strategy. At present, most of the studies on mate selection replication remain at the level of behavior research. In order to explore the mechanism of mating replication and the cause of gender difference, In this study, functional nuclear magnetic resonance (fMRI) was used to explore the neural basis of mate selection replication and its gender differences. Three kinds of conditions of interest, no interest and no expression of interest were taken as variables in the subjects, in which the condition of interest was regarded as positive condition in mate selection replication, no interest as negative condition, and no expressed will as baseline level. Male and female subjects were selected as the research subjects, and gender roles were included in the existing research. The purpose of the experiment was to verify the effect of female mate selection replication and whether it was influenced by gender roles; In experiment 2, the brain data of different types of subjects (female, masculine, masculine) were obtained by functional nuclear magnetic resonance (fMRI), and the neural mechanism of mating replication was further analyzed. Finally, synthesizing the results of the two experiments, this study draws the following conclusions: women have a significant effect of mate selection replication, and are not affected by the role of sex; The results of male and female mating replication behavior were different. Compared with baseline level, female subjects showed significant effect of mate selection replication under both positive and negative conditions. However, the male subjects only showed the effect of mate selection replication in the negative condition, but not in the positive condition. Under different conditions, the activation of different brain regions was observed. The subjects activated more empathy-related brain areas under positive conditions and more brain regions related to direct observation learning in negative conditions, and there were differences between male and female subjects in the activation of brain regions during the occurrence of mating replication. Compared with the male subjects, the female subjects activated more empathy related brain areas, while the male subjects activated more brain areas related to direct observation learning. In general, mate selection replication was a social learning. The process is mainly based on the mirror neuron system, which includes the empathy related brain region and the direct observation learning brain area. At the same time, the cognitive executive function of DLPFC also plays a role in this kind of social learning. Specific analysis of the positive and negative conditions of mate selection replication effect, while adding gender role variables to study the impact of the participants' own characteristics on mate selection replication; In this study, the functional nuclear magnetic resonance (fMRI) technique was used to explore the brain mechanism of mate selection replication, which provided the basis and support for further study of mate selection replication.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B845

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