情景记忆与创造力的研究：性别及任务类型的影响

发布时间：2018-06-13 09:21

本文选题：创造力 + 发散思维　；参考：《山西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：背景:最近几年的研究发现情景记忆可能与创造力的某些方面存在一定关系。例如,Duff等人的研究发现,双侧海马损伤的遗忘症患者在情景记忆损伤之外,托兰斯创造性思维测验也表现出一定的损伤;Benedek等人研究发现,情景记忆相关脑区(如海马等),在被试进行非常规用途任务时显著激活。目的:发散思维任务多种多样,现有心理学研究显示不同发散思维任务之间有相当大的差异,而现有探讨情景记忆与发散思维关系的研究基本都使用了吉尔福特的非常规用途任务(AUT)一种发散思维任务。基于此,本研究旨在情景特异诱导方法是否对托兰斯创造性思维任务(TTCT)的成绩也会产生影响,具体影响哪个指标。并且在此基础上我们将进一步探究情景特异性诱导范式是否存在性别差异。方法:本研究采用Schacter等人设计的情景特异性诱导和印象诱导范式,以41名山西信息职业技术学校的学生为被试,并将他们随机分为两组,然后对被试进行前后两次记忆诱导(特异诱导或印象诱导,时间间隔7天),比较两种诱导情况下被试的非常规用途任务和托兰斯创造性思维任务的成绩。结果:首先,分别对流畅性、灵活性和独创性得分进行的多因素方差分析,结果显示,性别、诱导方式和测试类型这三个因素都有显著的主效应。此外,对流畅性和灵活性得分我们还发现了三个因素之间显著的交互效应(F=6.647,p0.05;F=4.475,p0.05),对于独创性得分发现了性别与诱导方式之间显著的交互效应(F=16.632,p0.01)。其次,我们在情景特异诱导和印象诱导条件下分别分析了同种任务各指标间和不同任务各指标间的相关关系。结果显示,在控制条件下,同种任务各指标间的相关系数明显大于不同任务间的相关系数,而情景诱导条件下,不同任务各指标间的相关性明显提高,已经非常接近同种任务各指标间的相关系数了。结论:首先,本研究验证了Schacter等人的研究结果,证实了情景特异诱导的有效性。其次,将Schacter等人的研究发现进一步推广到了托兰斯发散思维测试中。再次,本研究首次发现情景特异诱导很可能存在显著的性别差异。最后,本研究发现情景特异诱导可以提高两个任务各指标间的相关程度。
[Abstract]:Background: recent studies have found that situational memory may be related to some aspects of creativity. For example, Duff et al. Found that amnesia with bilateral hippocampal injury was not only impaired in situational memory, but also showed some damage in Torrance creative thinking test. Situational memory related brain regions (such as hippocampus, etc.) were significantly activated when subjects performed unconventional tasks. Objective: there are a variety of divergent thinking tasks, and existing psychological studies show that there are considerable differences between different divergent thinking tasks. However, the existing researches on the relationship between situational memory and divergent thinking basically use Gilford's unconventional use task (auto), a kind of divergent thinking task. Based on this, the purpose of this study was to determine whether situational specific induction would have an effect on Torrance's creative thinking task (TTCTT), and which index would be affected. On this basis, we will further explore whether there are gender differences in situational specificity induction paradigm. Methods: in this study, using Schacter et al.'s situation-specific induction and impression induction paradigm, 41 students from Shanxi Information Vocational Technology School were selected as subjects, and they were randomly divided into two groups. Then, the subjects were induced to remember twice (specific induction or impression induction, the interval of 7 days), to compare the results of the unconventional use task and Torrance creative thinking task in the two inducements. Results: first of all, the multivariate variance analysis of fluency, flexibility and originality showed that gender, induction and test type had significant main effects. In addition, for the fluency and flexibility scores, we also found significant interaction between the three factors: F = 6.647 / p 0.05 / F = 4.475p / 0.05. For the score of originality, we found a significant interaction effect between sex and inductive mode (F = 16.632 / p 0.01). Secondly, under the condition of situational specific induction and impression induction, we analyzed the correlation between the same task indexes and different task indicators respectively. The results showed that under the control condition, the correlation coefficient of the same task was significantly higher than that of the different task, while the correlation between the different tasks was obviously improved under the condition of scenario induction. It is very close to the correlation coefficient between the indicators of the same task. Conclusion: firstly, the results of Schacter et al. Secondly, Schacter's findings are further extended to Torrance's divergent thinking test. Thirdly, this study first found that there may be significant gender differences in situational specific induction. Finally, this study found that situational specificity induction can improve the correlation between the two tasks.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

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