后悔在社会认知基本维度上的归因内容研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 08:35

本文选题：后悔 + 归因内容　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：后悔是日常交谈中提到最多的情绪之一,它是由反事实思维引发的、比较为前提的、负性的情绪体验,其产生的内在动因是个体的自我指责,并表现出改变现实结果的动机或行为。后悔是一种认知型情绪,是个体对自身经历的不良事件进行认知和评价的产物,结合情绪认知理论,人们对诱发事件所持的信念、解释和评价是引起人的情绪及行为反应的更直接的原因。因此,了解人们对后悔事件的认知和解释,即归因,对于理解后悔情绪、更好地认知自我有至关重要的作用。研究表明,后悔在归因方式上是内归因,即自我归因——个体由于自身原因做了错误的决定而产生自我指责。温暖和能力是判断他人的基本维度,也是描述自我的基本维度,自我观念的本质方面涉及能力和温暖,基本维度在自我判断中有重要作用。因此,本研究尝试用温暖和能力作为解释自我归因内容的工具。在本研究中,我们关注的是个体后悔归因的内容,即个体指责自己缺乏能力还是缺乏温暖而做出了错误的决定。另外,由于个体对时间自我的认知不同,在短期和长期后悔事件中个体的归因内容会不会存在差异?由于情境会影响后悔,在事件发生的不同内容领域——人际和自我,个体的归因内容会不会存在差异?此外,归因的不同内容是否会影响后悔程度?这种影响是否受事件发生的时间、领域及人格特质的调节?本研究探究后悔在社会认知基本维度上的归因特点,以及给定后悔事件和归因,不同归因以及人格特征对后悔程度的影响。为了探究后悔的归因,出于避免繁琐研究以及精确研究的考虑,首先要研究哪些特质与后悔归因的内容有关系,进行了研究1。研究1采用问卷调查法探究哪些特质与后悔归因的内容有关系,并为研究2选择材料。请被试评定哪些词汇代表的人格特质会成为一个人后悔的原因,结果得到消极词汇43个。消极能力与消极温暖两类词汇在与后悔原因的联系程度上差异显著,消极能力词与后悔原因的联系程度更紧密。没有得到与后悔原因有关的积极词汇。研究2运用自我报告法来探讨生活中后悔事件在社会认知基本维度上的归因特点。采用2(时间:短期vs长期)×2(领域:自我vs人际)×2(归因维度:能力vs温暖)被试内设计,请被试写下短期自我情境、短期人际情境、长期自我情境、长期人际情境后悔事件各一件,然后从给定的温暖和能力词中选出能够表达自己后悔原因的词汇。结果发现,维度主效应显著,选择的能力词汇数量大于温暖词汇。时间与维度交互作用边缘显著,长期后悔与短期后悔相比,选择的能力词汇数量显著大于短期后悔,选择的温暖词汇数量差异不显著。领域与维度交互作用显著,在自我领域,选择的能力词汇数量显著大于温暖词汇,在人际领域,选择的温暖词汇数量显著大于能力词汇。研究3运用情景模拟法研究实验室后悔事件中不同维度归因对后悔程度的影响,并探究事件发生的时间、领域以及个体本身的温暖和能力特质在其中起到的作用。采用2(时间:短期vs长期)×2(领域:自我vs人际)×3(归因维度:能力vs温暖vs无)×2(人格特质:能力vs温暖)的混合设计,请被试评价自己的温暖和能力特质,然后给定故事情境,要求被试充分想象并评估其后悔程度。结果发现,维度主效应不显著;领域主效应显著,人际领域后悔事件的后悔程度显著大于自我领域;时间主效应显著,长期事件的后悔程度显著大于短期事件。维度和特质均不能预测后悔程度;温暖归因与能力特质之间存在显著的交互作用,能力特质在温暖归因与人际后悔以及短期后悔之间起到调节作用。综合以上3个研究的结果,得出以下结论:(1)在内容上,能力特质与后悔原因的关系更紧密;在效价上,消极特质与后悔原因的关系更紧密。(2)长期后悔与短期后悔相比,被试更多地否定自己的能力特质,否定自己温暖特质的情况相当;在自我事件中,人们更多的将后悔归因于自身能力不足,而在人际事件中,则归因于自身温暖不足;总体而言,不论在哪种事件中,人们更倾向于将后悔归因于自身能力不足。(3)事件发生的时间影响后悔程度,长期事件的后悔程度大于短期事件;后悔领域影响后悔程度,人际领域后悔事件的后悔程度大于自我领域;但二者均不能调节后悔原因对后悔程度的影响。后悔原因和特质均不能单独影响后悔程度;但能力特质在温暖归因与人际后悔以及短期后悔之间起到调节作用。
[Abstract]:Regret is one of the most important emotions mentioned in everyday conversation. It is caused by anti factual thinking. It is a precondition and negative emotional experience. The intrinsic motivation of it is the self accusation of the individual, and the motivation or behavior of changing the actual results. Regret is a kind of recognition emotion, which is the individual's adverse events to their own experience. The product of cognition and evaluation, combined with the theory of emotional cognition, people's belief, interpretation and evaluation of evoked events is the more direct cause of emotional and behavioral responses. Therefore, it is essential to understand people's cognition and interpretation of regrets, namely attribution, to understand post regrets and to better recognize themselves. The study shows that regret is internal attribution, namely self attribution, self accusation. Warmth and ability are the basic dimensions to judge others, and the basic dimensions of self description. The essence of self concept involves ability and warmth, and the basic dimension is in self judgment. Therefore, this study attempts to use warmth and ability as a tool to explain the content of self attribution. In this study, we focus on the content of individual regret attribution, that is, the individual has made a wrong decision by accusing oneself of lack of ability or lack of warmth. In addition, the individual's cognition of time self is different in the short term and in the short term. Is there any difference in the attribution content of the individual in the long term regret event? As the situation affects regret, there is no difference in the individual attribution content in the different content areas of the event, interpersonal and self, and whether the different contents of the attribution affect the regret duration, and whether the effect is affected by the event time or not. This study explores the attribution characteristics of regret in the basic dimensions of social cognition, as well as the impact of given regrets and attributions, different attributions and personality traits on the degree of regret. In order to explore the attribution of regrets, the first study of the characteristics and regrets is to avoid cumbersome research and precise research. The content of attribution is related, and the 1. Study 1 uses questionnaire survey to explore which attributes are related to the content of regret attribution, and select materials for the study 2. Please be evaluated which words represent personality traits as a cause for a person's regret, resulting in 43 negative words, negative and negative warmth of the two categories of vocabulary. There was a significant difference in the degree of contact with regrets. Negative ability words were more closely related to the cause of regret. There was no positive vocabulary related to the cause of regret. Study 2 used self reporting to explore the attribution points in the basic dimensions of social cognition in life regrets. 2 (time: short term vs long term) * 2 (field: Self vs interpersonal) x 2 (attribution dimension: ability vs warm) in the design, please be asked to write a short term self situation, a short-term interpersonal situation, a long-term self situation, a long-term interpersonal regret event, and then choose a word that can express self regrets from a given word of warmth and ability. The result is that the main dimension effect is significant, selected. The number of selected abilities is greater than that of warm words. The interaction between time and dimension is significant. Compared with short-term regrets, long-term regret is significantly larger than short-term regret, and the number of selected warm vocabulary is not significant. In the warm vocabulary, the number of selected warm words in the interpersonal domain was significantly greater than that of the ability vocabulary. Study 3 used scenario simulation to study the effect of different dimensions of attribution on the regret degree in the laboratory's regrets, and to explore the role of the time, the field and the individual's warmth and ability. (2) Time: short term vs long term) * 2 (domain: self vs interpersonal) x 3 (attribution dimension: ability vs warm vs no) x 2 (personality trait: ability vs warm) mixed design, please be tested to evaluate their own warmth and ability traits, and then given the story situation, and ask the subjects to fully think and evaluate their regret. The main effect is significant, the regret degree of the interpersonal regret event is significantly greater than that of the self domain; the time main effect is significant, the regret degree of the long-term event is significantly greater than the short-term event. Both dimension and trait can not predict the degree of regret; there is a significant interaction between the warmth attribution and the ability trait, and the ability trait is in the warm attribution and after the interpersonal relationship. The results of the 3 studies have concluded that: (1) in content, the relationship between ability and regret is more closely related; in valence, the relationship between negative and regrets is more closely related. (2) compared to the short-term regret, the subjects negate their abilities more than the short-term regret. In the case of self events, people have more regrets attributable to their lack of ability, and in interpersonal events, they are attributable to their own inadequacy; in all cases, people tend to attribute regrets to lack of self competence. (3) the time of the event affects the degree of regret. The degree of regret in long-term events is greater than that of short-term events; regrets in the realm of regret are greater than those in the self domain, but both of the two can not regulate the effect of regrets on the degree of regret. And the short-term regrets play a moderating role.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848

【参考文献】