尴尬情绪对助人行为的影响

发布时间：2018-09-14 18:58

【摘要】：尴尬是一种自我意识情绪,一般产生于社交情境中。当个体认识到自己的行为违背了公认的社交规则,威胁到自我形象,与自我表征产生冲突的时候,就会体验到尴尬情绪。尴尬是一种复杂的情绪,和其他基本情绪不同的是,它需要更多的认知过程的参与,对自我行为和社交规则是否符合进行评估。由于引发尴尬情绪的事件往往会对尴尬者及旁观者都带来不良体验,通常我们认为这是一种消极情绪。尴尬产生于社交情境,又与个体的认知过程紧密相关,这种情绪对个体的认知和行为必然会产生一定的影响。在情绪领域的研究中,情绪对个体认知和行为的影响越来越受到研究者们的关注。这方面的研究有两个特点。第一个特点是基于情绪的效价来探讨情绪对认知和行为的影响,即将情绪分为消极情绪和积极情绪。但事实上,具体的研究必须落实到某种具体的情绪,而这些研究得到了有分歧的结果,效价并不能绝对地区分情绪的影响。比如有不同的研究发现,同样属于消极情绪的生气和悲伤,对助人行为可以产生不同的影响。第二个特点是以往的研究主要探讨的常见的基本情绪,喜怒哀惧,而少有对复杂情绪的影响。但是复杂情绪,比如自我意识情绪,往往有更多的认知成分参与,因此更有可能对个体的行为产生影响,具有很大的探讨价值和意义。综上所述,探讨特定情绪在一定情境下对个体的行为产生何种影响显得非常有必要和有意义。尴尬作为一种重要的社交情绪和复杂的自我意识情绪,可以出现在众多社交情境中,影响个体的亲社会行为。本研究以正确认识社交情境中的尴尬情绪为目的,探索尴尬情绪对助人行为的影响,设计两个实验,研究一以情绪为自变量,助人行为为因变量,以中性情绪为参照,考察尴尬情绪对助人行为的影响。研究二以受助者对尴尬事件的反应为自变量,考察受助者是否做出帮助化解尴尬的言行对尴尬者助人行为的影响。主要研究结果如下：(1)尴尬情绪抑制个体的助人行为。(2)旁观者的尴尬化解行为无法降低个体的尴尬情绪。(3)旁观者的尴尬化解行为能够促进个体的助人行为。
[Abstract]:Embarrassment is a self-conscious emotion, generally arising from social situations. When an individual realizes that his behavior violates the accepted social rules, threatens the self-image and conflicts with the self-representation, he will experience embarrassment. Embarrassment is a complex emotion, and unlike other basic emotions, it requires more involvement in the cognitive process to assess the conformity of self-behavior and social rules. Because the events that cause the embarrassment often bring bad experience to both the embarrassed and the bystander, we usually think this is a negative emotion. Embarrassment arises from the social situation and is closely related to the cognitive process of the individual. This emotion will inevitably have a certain impact on the cognition and behavior of the individual. In the field of emotion, the influence of emotion on individual cognition and behavior has attracted more and more attention. This research has two characteristics. The first feature is to explore the effect of emotion on cognition and behavior based on emotional titer, that is to say, emotion is divided into negative emotion and positive emotion. But in fact, specific research must be carried out into a specific emotion, and these studies have different results, and the effect of titer is not absolute. For example, different studies have found that anger and sadness, which are also negative emotions, can have different effects on helpful behavior. The second feature is that previous studies have focused on common basic emotions, anger, sadness, and little influence on complex emotions. But complex emotions, such as self-conscious emotions, tend to involve more cognitive elements, so it is more likely to have an impact on individual behavior, which has great value and significance. In conclusion, it is necessary and meaningful to explore the influence of specific emotions on individual behavior in certain situations. Embarrassment, as an important social emotion and complex self-conscious emotion, can appear in many social situations and influence the individual's pro-social behavior. The purpose of this study is to correctly understand the embarrassment in social situations, to explore the influence of embarrassment on helping behavior, and to design two experiments, one is to take emotion as independent variable, helping behavior as dependent variable, and neutral emotion as reference. Investigate the effect of embarrassment on helping behavior. In the second study, the response of the recipient to the embarrassing event was taken as the independent variable, and the influence of the recipient's words and deeds on the embarrassed person's helping behavior was investigated. The main results are as follows: (1) embarrassment inhibits the individual's helping behavior; (2) the bystander's embarrassing resolution can not reduce the individual's embarrassment; (3) the bystander's embarrassing resolution can promote the individual's helping behavior.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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