自我关联性对情绪记忆鲜活性特点的影响研究

发布时间：2019-06-21 13:09

【摘要】：现代社会随着心理学的传播和被大众广泛的接受,人们开始不断地关注自己的情绪状态,那些影响人情绪状态的情绪事件比中性事件则更深刻、更具鲜活性,也更具引导性,会影响个体的个人成长,自我概念,信念和心理健康以及在生活中的很多选择和决策。因此了解情绪记忆鲜活性的特点就显得尤为重要。根据双加工模型,再认提取有两种相互独立的提取方式:熟悉性和回想,回想相比熟悉性是一种更有确定性和把握的过程,会促进新信息的学习。另外,情绪记忆的发展模型强调需把情绪事件置于个体发展的大背景之下,个体对情绪事件的记忆会受到心理生理反应、个体特征、主要社会关系和文化、社会等诸多因素的影响,当然事件本身的强度、效价和关联性也会影响个体对情绪事件的加工。基于此,本研究为了更好的模拟了情绪事件发生的真实场景,使实验结果更具生态效应,将采用复杂的情绪视频为实验材料,并通过指导语让被试利用想象将视频材料与自身建立关联性。因此,本研究将从情绪发展理论的视角,以再认双加工理论为基础,探讨自我关联性对情绪记忆鲜活性的影响研究。本研究使用修正后的“记得/知道”实验范式,设计了两个实验。实验一,以自我关联性和情绪效价为自变量,采用2×3的混合实验设计,通过指导语让被试利用想象代入自我关联,探讨了自我关联性对情绪记忆增强效应和提取方式的影响;实验二在实验一的基础之上,以自我关联性、情绪效价、记忆类型以及延迟测验为自变量,采用2×3×2×2的混合实验设计,进一步探讨自我关联性和不同延时测验对情绪记忆的要义-细节权衡效应的影响。通过对两个实验数据的统计分析,得出以下主要结论:(1)在无自我关联性条件下情绪记忆好于中性记忆的回想效果,存在情绪记忆的增强效应。(2)在有自我关联性条件下负性情绪记忆的回想成绩好于无自我关联条件下的回想成绩;负性情绪记忆的增强效应在有自我关联条件下更为明显。(3)情绪记忆的增强效应在一定时间上具有稳定性。(4)情绪记忆的增强效应不仅增强了要义回想体验,也增强了细节回想体验,则情绪记忆不存在要义-细节权衡效应;而自我关联性和延迟测验对情绪记忆的权衡效应没有影响。
[Abstract]:With the spread of psychology and its wide acceptance by the public, people begin to pay attention to their own emotional state. The emotional events that affect people's emotional state are deeper, more lively and more instructive than neutral events, which will affect individual personal growth, self-concept, belief and mental health, as well as many choices and decisions in life. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand the characteristics of emotional memory freshness. According to the double processing model, there are two independent extraction methods: familiarity and recall, which is a more deterministic and sure process than familiarity, which will promote the learning of new information. In addition, the development model of emotional memory emphasizes that emotional events should be placed under the background of individual development. Individual memory of emotional events will be affected by many factors, such as psychophysiological reaction, individual characteristics, main social relations and culture, society and so on. Of course, the intensity, titer and relevance of the event itself will also affect the processing of emotional events. Based on this, in order to better simulate the real scene of emotional events and make the experimental results more ecological, the complex emotional video will be used as the experimental material, and the subjects will be asked to use imagination to establish the relationship between the video material and themselves. Therefore, this study will explore the effect of self-relevance on the fresh activity of emotional memory from the perspective of emotional development theory and recognition of double processing theory. In this study, two experiments were designed using the modified "remember / know" experimental paradigm. In experiment 1, taking self-relevance and emotional titer as independent variables, using 2 脳 3 mixed experimental design, the effect of self-relevance on emotional memory enhancement effect and extraction method was discussed by instructing subjects to substitute imagination for self-association. On the basis of experiment 1, taking self-relevance, emotional titer, memory type and delay test as independent variables, the mixed experimental design of 2 脳 3 脳 2 脳 2 was used to further explore the effects of self-relevance and different delay tests on the meaning-detail tradeoff effect of emotional memory. Through the statistical analysis of the two experimental data, the following main conclusions are drawn: (1) the recall effect of emotional memory is better than that of neutral memory under the condition of no self-relevance, and there is an enhancement effect of emotional memory. (2) the recall performance of negative emotional memory under the condition of self-relevance is better than that of non-self-related condition; The enhancement effect of negative emotional memory is more obvious under the condition of self-correlation. (3) the enhancement effect of emotional memory is stable for a certain period of time. (4) the enhancement effect of emotional memory not only enhances the meaning recall experience, but also enhances the detail recall experience, but there is no important-detail tradeoff effect in emotional memory, while the self-relevance test and delay test have no effect on the tradeoff effect of emotional memory.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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