秦汉政治制度与农业发展研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 10:50

本文选题：秦汉 + 政治制度　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：秦汉时期是封建主义中央集权政治制度建立和发展的时期,这一时期形成了大一统的政治格局,并形成了在当时起到积极作用并对后世影响相当大的封建法律体系。秦汉时期中央集权制度不断加强,社会发展呈现出大一统的局面。秦汉时期的政治制度体系以皇帝制度为核心,配合三公九卿制度建立最高决策体系;以郡县制为依托配合基层乡里亭完成地方上的社会管理;同时以法律体系和国家暴力机器为后盾作为维护封建统治秩序有序进行的保障。秦汉时期中央集权制度的不断发展和巩固,对农业开发的影响深远。封建国家能够以举国之力进行大型长期的农田水利设施建设,进行农业科技的创新以及推广。中央集权体制对农业生产结构的调整影响很大,官营牧场的发展使得这一时期农牧结构日趋合理,小麦在这一时期在北方得到迅速全面的推广,南北方的水稻种植面积在这一时得到扩大。郡县制为核心的地方行政体系,是地方农业生产的管理者,同时也是建设者。秦汉时期郡县官员相对严密的考核制度,监督并激励他们在地方上努力劝课农桑、兴修水利、发展生产、推行教化,推动了地方各地农业的发展贡献了很大的力量。秦汉时期大一统格局的形成,对核心农区的整合起到了非常重要的作用。军事大一统对新农区的拓展以及少数民族的农业化影响巨大,这一时期西北边疆和民族地区受到中原农耕文明的影响得到开发和发展。思想上的大一统对秦汉时期农业思想以及农业政策的制定影响很大,促进农业发展的政策得到实施,重农思想得不断发展。秦汉时期的法律体系是一套法网严密、内容繁多的法典。两汉时期在秦律立法的基础上进行各种调整,使其更能适应现实社会的发展。秦汉时期重农思想的产生和发展,在秦汉律法体系中得到体现。秦汉律法在保护保护土地私有制,保证农业生产时间、维护农业生产秩序等方面进行了详细规定。秦汉时期成文的法律规定,促进劳动者农业生产的积极性,保障了农业的有序发展。秦汉政治制度对农业发展起了巨大的推动作用,农业社会经济的发展对周边造成了巨大的影响。秦汉先进的生产技术和生产方式,传到周边很多的地区和国家。两汉对西北地区的开发打通了丝绸之路。这条重要的经济、科技、文化交流通道加强了东西方文化之间的联系,连接了东亚、中亚、印度、西亚、地中海文明圈。秦汉政治制度和农业发展研究对现代社会改革、“三农”问题、“一带一路”战略仍有一定的积极影响和借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The period of Qin and Han dynasties was the period of the establishment and development of feudal centralized political system, which formed a unified political structure and formed a feudal legal system which played a positive role at that time and had a great influence on later generations. During the Qin and Han dynasties, the centralization system was constantly strengthened, and the social development presented a unified situation. The political system of the Qin and Han dynasties took the emperor system as the core, cooperated with the three public and nine Qing systems to establish the highest decision-making system, supported by the system of prefectures and counties, and completed the local social management with the grass-roots township pavilions. At the same time, the legal system and the state violence machine as the backing to maintain the order of feudal rule. The continuous development and consolidation of centralization in Qin and Han dynasties had a profound impact on agricultural development. Feudal countries were able to carry out large-scale long-term construction of irrigation and water conservancy facilities, innovation and popularization of agricultural science and technology with the efforts of the whole country. The centralization system had a great influence on the adjustment of agricultural production structure. The development of official pasture made the structure of agriculture and animal husbandry more and more reasonable, and wheat was popularized rapidly and comprehensively in the north during this period. The rice planting area in the north and south was expanded for a while. County system as the core of the local administrative system, is the local agricultural production manager, but also the builder. During the Qin and Han dynasties the officials of prefectures and counties had a relatively strict examination system to supervise and encourage them to make great efforts to persuade them to teach agricultural mulberry to build water conservancy to develop production and to promote the development of local agriculture which contributed a lot to the development of local agriculture. The formation of the unified pattern played a very important role in the integration of the core agricultural areas in the Qin and Han dynasties. The military unification had a great influence on the expansion of the new agricultural areas and the agricultural transformation of the ethnic minorities. In this period, the northwest frontier and ethnic areas were developed and developed under the influence of the agricultural civilization of the Central Plains. The unity of thought had a great influence on the agricultural thought and the formulation of agricultural policy during the Qin and Han dynasties. The policy to promote the development of agriculture was carried out and the thought of attaching importance to agriculture was continuously developed. The legal system of Qin and Han dynasties was a set of strict law net and numerous codes of law. During the Han Dynasty, various adjustments were made on the basis of the legislation of Qin Law to make it more suitable for the development of the real society. The emergence and development of the thought of emphasizing agriculture in the Qin and Han dynasties were embodied in the law system of the Qin and Han dynasties. The law of Qin and Han dynasties has detailed regulations on protecting private ownership of land, ensuring agricultural production time and maintaining order of agricultural production. The written laws and regulations of Qin and Han dynasties promoted the enthusiasm of laborer's agricultural production and ensured the orderly development of agriculture. The political system of Qin and Han dynasties played a great role in promoting the development of agriculture, and the development of agricultural society and economy had a great influence on the surrounding areas. Qin and Han advanced production technology and production methods, spread to many surrounding regions and countries. The development of the Northwest region in the Han Dynasty opened the Silk Road. This important channel of economic, technological and cultural exchanges strengthens the links between East and West cultures, connecting East Asia, Central Asia, India, West Asia, and the Mediterranean Civilization Circle. The research on the political system and agricultural development of Qin and Han dynasties still has positive influence and reference significance on the reform of modern society, the problem of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" and the strategy of "Belt and Road".
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K232

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