宋朝江西地区灾荒与救济

发布时间：2018-01-08 12:22

本文关键词：宋朝江西地区灾荒与救济　出处：《西南大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 宋朝的江西在经济、文化方面,可以说都有了长足的进步,程民生在《宋朝地域经济》中说,“从神宗朝到徽宗朝,发展的速度有了空间的变化,最快的是京西南路,其次是江南西路”。江西是朝廷粮食和茶叶的重要供应地,同时江两在宋朝的文化也表现出惊人的成绩,唐宋古文运动的代表人物有两个是江西的,欧阳修和曾巩;黄庭坚创立了著名的江西诗派。正是有了物质和精神两方面的发展,江西地区有了政府实行灾荒救济的可能性,也使地方社会力量有财力和自觉性进行救济灾荒。如此,对宋朝江西地区的灾荒救济也就有了研究的价值。本文通过对宋朝江西地区发生灾荒的不精确统计,发现主要的灾害是水、旱两种,这与江西所处的地理位置有莫大的关系,境内河流纵横,地形复杂多样,可谓是水、旱灾荒的宠儿。特别是水灾,在南宋绍熙、庆元年间几乎每年都有。这样,灾荒救济就必不可少。从灾荒救济的主体来论,分为官方救济和民间救济。官方救济指国家动用国家财产所进行的救济行为。民间救济主要指灾害发生地的人们所做出的救济活动。这两部分是文章的重点。在一家统治天下的古代社会,官方救济理所当然应是施救的主要力量,但在笔者对江西地区灾荒救济的研究过程中发现这一定论并非完全属实。在北宋前、中期,官方救济是绝对的领导力量,到了北宋后期,尤其是南宋时期更为明显,官方救济这一绝对主体受到挑战。大量的文献资料记载,江西某地某家在某次救灾中出了多少钱物。到南宋中、后期,更是,“救荒之法,唯有劝分”,“救荒之政莫急于劝分”。劝分(劝谕有力之家无偿或减价出粜米粟以赈济灾民的方式。)已成为救济灾荒的最为重要的措施。民间救济的作用日益显著。这其实是国家行政力量在减弱,而民间社会力量在增强的表现。国家无力对其子民实行救助,自然在其中的统治权会削弱。古话说得好,“有奶便是娘。”民间力量能救济灾民,帮其度过困境。那么民间社会力量就掌握地方话语权,成为地方社会非政府统治力量。实质是地方社会正在发生转变,走向成熟。
[Abstract]:Jiangxi made great progress in economy and culture in Song Dynasty, Cheng Minsheng said in the Song Dynasty Regional economy, "from Shenzong to Huizong, the pace of development has changed in space." "Jiangxi is an important supplier of grain and tea to the imperial court, and Jiang's culture in the Song Dynasty has also shown remarkable success." There are two representative figures in the Tang and Song dynasties, Ouyang Xiu and Zeng Gong; Huang Tingjian founded the famous Jiangxi Poetry School. It is with the development of material and spirit that Jiangxi has the possibility of the government carrying out famine relief. The local social forces also have the financial resources and the consciousness to carry on the relief to the famine. Thus, it has the value to study the relief of the famine in Jiangxi area of the Song Dynasty. Through the inaccurate statistics of the famine in Jiangxi area of Song Dynasty, it is found that the main disasters are water and drought, which has a great relationship with the geographical location of Jiangxi, the river in the territory is vertical and horizontal, and the topography is complex and diverse. It can be said to be the favorite of water and drought famine. Especially the flood, in the Southern Song Dynasty Shaoxi, Qingyuan years almost every year. So, famine relief is indispensable. From the main body of relief. It is divided into official relief and folk relief. Official relief refers to the relief act of the state using state property. Folk relief mainly refers to the relief activities made by people in the place of disaster. These two parts are the focus of the article. An ancient society that ruled the world. Official relief should be the main force of rescue, but the author found that this conclusion is not completely true in the course of the study of the relief of famine in Jiangxi. Before and in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty. Official relief is the absolute leading force, in the late Northern Song Dynasty, especially in the Southern Song Dynasty is more obvious, the absolute subject of official relief is challenged. A lot of literature records. A certain place in Jiangxi Province in a disaster relief in how much money. To the Southern Song Dynasty, late, but also, "the law of famine relief, only to persuade points." "the administration of famine relief should not be in a hurry to dissuade them." (advice to a powerful family for free or at a reduced price in the form of selling rice grain for relief to the victims of the disaster.). It has become the most important measure for relief of famine. The role of folk relief is becoming more and more obvious. In fact, this is the weakening of the national administrative power. The civil society forces in the performance of the strengthening. The state is unable to carry out relief to its people, naturally in which the ruling power will be weakened. As the old saying goes, "with milk is the mother," folk forces can help the victims. To help them through the predicament. Then the civil society forces will hold the local voice and become the local social non-government ruling force. The essence is that the local society is changing and maturing.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K244

【引证文献】