清代满人入仕途径与清代政治研究

发布时间：2018-01-29 21:54

本文关键词： 满族入仕途径　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：由少数民族满族建立的大清政权，对中原汉族传统制度与满族关外旧制，采取折中的方式，构建了具有鲜明民族特色的独特制度体系。在尤为值得关注的选官制度方面，对旗人，特别是对满族旗人采取特殊照顾，不但实行“满汉复职”制，而且独创了双轨制的选举方法，使满族人入仕途径较汉人为多、为易。清代满族人入仕不必专重科举功名。可供其选择的方式多样而宽泛。满族子弟可以参加科举，还可参加翻译科考试和武举考试，此外，参军入伍，凭借军功入仕者有之，凭借父祖辈官品或功绩得以承袭世爵世职而入仕或蒙荫入仕者有之，更有以担任笔帖式或由侍卫起家者。同时，各种入仕方式在不同时期又出现了相当明显的比例变化：入关之初，由武职起家者为多；康、雍、乾三朝，伴随着王朝的巩固、发展以至繁盛，，由武职起家虽仍然居多，但由科举等文职起家者也大有后来居上之势；嘉、道以后，清政权由盛转衰，满洲子弟“国语骑射”日渐荒疏，视披甲为畏途，多青睐于科举。这种比例变化显示出：满族尽管与汉族在某种程度上有所融合，但作为一个群体，满族在清代却从未被融会进汉族社会之中，清统治者也从未用文化水平的高低来判定满人的优劣。清朝对满族官员实行的这种特殊选举制度，从本质上说，是维护满洲贵族利益的需要，是维护满族统治民族特权的需要，当然也是一种民族差异、歧视和不平等政策。这种政策既保证了大清政权维持近三百年的统治，又有其实行的诸多困难，最终与清政权一同消亡。
[Abstract]:The Qing regime, established by the Manchu minority, adopted a compromise between the traditional system of Han nationality in the Central Plains and the old system of the Manchu people. A unique system with distinct national characteristics has been constructed. In the system of selecting officials, which is especially worthy of attention, we should take special care of the flag people, especially the Manchu flag people, and not only implement the system of "Manchu and Han reinstated". And the original two-track system of the election method, so that Manchu people into the career path more than the Han people. Manchu people in Qing Dynasty do not have to pay special attention to the imperial examinations. The options for them are diverse and broad. Manchu children can participate in imperial examinations, translation examinations and martial examinations, in addition, enlisted in the armed forces. By virtue of military merit to the official, by virtue of the father or ancestors of the official products or achievements to inherit the post of the world and take office or shade of the official, but also as a style of writing or starting from the bodyguard. At the same time. A variety of official ways in different periods also appeared quite obvious changes in proportion: at the beginning of entering the customs, the number of people who started from military posts was more; Kang, Yong, Gan three dynasties, along with the consolidation of the dynasty, development and even prosperity, although from the military ranks are still in the majority, but from the imperial examination and other civilian startups are also great as the latter to surpass the former; Jia, Tao, the Qing regime from prosperity to decline, Manchu children, "mandarin shooting" increasingly sparse, as a fear of wearing armour. This ratio change shows that although the Manchu and the Han nationality to some extent, but as a group, Manchu in the Qing Dynasty has never been integrated into the Han society. Qing rulers also never use the level of education to determine the quality of Manchu. Qing Dynasty to Manchu officials to implement this special electoral system, in essence, is to protect the interests of Manchu aristocrats. It is the need to maintain the privilege of Manchu rule, but also a policy of ethnic difference, discrimination and inequality. This policy not only guaranteed the Qing regime to maintain its rule for nearly three hundred years, but also had many difficulties. Finally, it died with the Qing regime.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K249

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