西汉的贫富差距与政府控制研究

发布时间：2018-01-30 09:43

本文关键词： 西汉贫富差距政府控制　出处：《厦门大学》2006年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 贫富差距与政府控制问题是近年来国内外学术界颇为关注的焦点。本论题应时代所需,顺时势所趋,以西汉为时间切入点,以贫富差距与政府控制为核心内容的研究。全文分三部分,主要内容如下: 第一部分,绪论。着重对贫富差距、贫富分化、政府控制、社会保障等相关概念及理论框架作出说明。并对相关学术史进行回顾,认为虽然描述西汉贫富现象的论著大量存在,但真正切入正题的论述目前尚未出现。第二部分,西汉社会贫富差距状况分析。西汉社会存在着各阶层、各行业、各区域之间的贫富差距。各阶层贫富差距通常表现为财富积累、收入状况、生活水平三方面。对西汉社会各阶层作出富、中、贫三个阶层的划分,并采用数量分析手段努力描述三者之间在财富积累、收入状况、生活水平三方面的差距状况。“四民”行业性贫富差距,则从“四民”产生的春秋战国转型时期开始,延至西汉,这种差距不但没有缩小,反而呈现日益扩大的趋势,即“用贫求富,农不如工,工不如商,刺绣文不如倚市门”,但商又不如仕的状态。造成西汉行业性贫富差距的经济原因主要有:自身的特点、赋役负担、统治政策、生产周期、供求与利润、技术含量、产品价格等诸多因素。春秋至汉武帝是我国经济区形成时期。由于地形、水文、气候等自然条件差异和资源秉赋不同,各地的生产方式和经济增长率呈现出显著的差异性,导致各地经济发展不均衡,其结果是东西差距不大,主要是南北差距。第三部分,西汉贫富差距与政府控制专题研究。合理的贫富差距是社会进步的助动器,过度的贫富差距则危及封建统治,西汉政府不仅有控制贫富差距的理论依据,即自先秦以来的“贫富有度”论,而且还有现实依据:对赋税率的控制、土地兼并的剧烈程度、流民群的产生、工商业的控制以及强干弱枝的区域差距控制等。西汉政府的“重农抑商”政策,是西汉政府控制行业贫富差距的重要举措,但是由于轻税对地主有利,限田难以实行,“假民公田”、“赐民公田”、“赋民公田”受国有土地占有状况限制,监察田宅逾制化为泡影,徭役成为可伸缩的变量、汉武帝的抑商虽然暂时起到遏制贫富差距扩大的效果,但西汉后期官僚贵族参与土地兼并,贫富分化最终不可避免。户赀指家庭财产,是针对全体国民征收的财
[Abstract]:The gap between the rich and the poor and the problem of government control have been the focus of academic circles at home and abroad in recent years. The research on the gap between the rich and the poor and government control is divided into three parts. The main contents are as follows: The first part, introduction, focuses on the gap between the rich and the poor, the polarization between the rich and the poor, government control, social security and other related concepts and theoretical framework, and reviews the relevant academic history. Although there are a lot of works describing the phenomenon of the rich and the poor in the Western Han Dynasty, there is no discussion on the real topic. The second part is the analysis of the gap between the rich and the poor in the Western Han Dynasty. There is a gap between the rich and the poor among the various strata, industries and regions in the Western Han Dynasty. The gap between the rich and the poor of each class is usually reflected in the accumulation of wealth and the status of income. Three aspects of the standard of living. To the Western Han Dynasty social strata of the rich, middle, poor three classes, and the use of quantitative analysis means to describe the accumulation of wealth between the three, income status. The gap between the rich and the poor in the "four people" industry began from the transition period of the Spring and Autumn period and the warring States period, and extended to the Western Han Dynasty, which did not narrow the gap. On the contrary, there is a growing trend, that is, "using poverty to seek wealth, farmers are inferior to industry, industry is not as good as business, embroidery is not as good as relying on the door of the market." The main economic reasons for the gap between the rich and the poor in the Western Han Dynasty were: their own characteristics, the burden of taxes, the ruling policy, the production cycle, the supply and demand and profits, and the technical content. Price of products and many other factors. Spring and Autumn to Han Wu Emperor is the formation of China's economic zone. Due to the terrain, hydrology, climate and other natural conditions and resources are different. The mode of production and the rate of economic growth show significant differences, leading to uneven economic development, the result is that the gap between the east and the west is not big, mainly the gap between the north and the south. The third part, the Western Han Dynasty rich and poor gap and the government control special topic research. The reasonable rich and poor disparity is the social progress auxiliary instrument, the excessive rich and poor disparity endangers the feudal rule. The Western Han government not only has the theoretical basis to control the gap between the rich and the poor, that is, the theory of "rich and poor degree" since the pre-Qin Dynasty, but also has the realistic basis: the control of tax rate, the violent degree of land annexation, the generation of displaced people group. The control of industry and commerce and the regional gap control of strong dry and weak branches. The Western Han government's policy of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce" is an important measure to control the gap between the rich and the poor of the western Han government, but it is advantageous to the landlords because of the light tax. Limited land is difficult to implement, "fake people's public field", "give people public field", "Fu Min Gong Tian" by the state of land ownership restrictions, supervision of the field house system has become void, corvee become a scalable variable. Although the suppression of commerce by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had a temporary effect of curbing the widening gap between the rich and the poor, but in the late Western Han Dynasty, the bureaucratic nobility took part in the land annexation, and the polarization between the rich and the poor was inevitable.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K234.1

【引证文献】