从哨堡到边墙:明代对湘西苗疆治策的演递——兼论明代治苗与土司制度的关系

发布时间：2018-02-13 05:32

本文关键词： 湘西苗疆治策演递土司制度　出处：《吉首大学学报(社会科学版)》2014年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：苗疆边墙是明代在湘西苗疆修筑的一项拟军事工程,它在发挥军事震慑功能的同时还具有诸多的社会功能。明代边墙是在萧授兴建"二十四堡",张岳改建"十三哨所"的基础上,由蔡复一组织修建完成。治理苗疆的政策从表面上看变动十分明显,但若就其实质而言却一脉相承,核心内容都是要对苗民实施招抚和教化,征讨和防御等军事手段仅是不得已而为之。但是之所以能做到这一步,关键得力于明代完善的土司和土官制度。因而,不管是"二十四堡"、"十三哨所"还是"边墙",都是以土司和土官为依托,军事设防仅仅局限于土司领地的缺口,也就是"滇黔驿路"主干线起点地带的软肋。明代"治苗"决策的调整,其根本动因不是苗民"叛服"无常,而是依据苗疆区域特点与民族文化差异实施地"因俗设置"。
[Abstract]:The border wall of Miaojiang is a quasi-military project that was built in Miaojiang of western Hunan in Ming Dynasty. It has many social functions while exerting its military deterrent function. The side wall of the Ming Dynasty was built on the basis of the construction of "24 Fort" by Xiao and the reconstruction of "13 sentry post" by Zhang Yue. Completed by Cai Fu-yi 's organization. The policy of controlling Miao-jiang is obviously changing on the surface, but if its essence is in the same vein, the core content is to carry out caressing and educating the Miao people. Military means such as invading and defending are only necessary. But the key to this step is due to the perfect system of Tusi and Tuguan in the Ming Dynasty. Whether it's "Fort 24," "post 13," or "sidewall," it's based on toast and Turkish officials, and military defences are limited to the gaps in toast territory. That is, the weak rib of the starting point of the main line of "Yunnan-Guizhou Yailu". The basic reason for the adjustment of the decision of "treating the Miao" in the Ming Dynasty is not the impermanence of the Miao people's "disobeying the suit", but "setting up because of the vulgar" according to the regional characteristics of the Miao-jiang area and the difference of the national culture.
【作者单位】：贵州民族大学图书馆;中山大学历史人类学研究中心;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目(11BMZ014) 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地中山大学历史人类学研究中心重大研究项目(11240-3191011) 贵州省高校人文社会科学研究基地项目(JD2013012)
【分类号】：K248

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