传教士与明清之际的中西医交流

发布时间：2018-02-22 20:25

本文关键词： 明清之际传教士西洋医学中医药学　出处：《山东师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 明清之际的中西文化交流是学术研究的一大热点,其中医学交流是中西文化交流中的重要组成部分。本文主要对明清之际以传教士为媒介的中西医交流进行论述。本文共分四个部分。第一部分主要对明清之际中西医交流的媒介---传教士进行了论述。分析了传教士作为中西医交流媒介的必然性,即时代的要求和传教士自身所具备的素质。介绍了传教士的传教策略,医药传教是传教士在中国特殊的历史背景下摸索出来的一种较为有效的传教方法。主要策略有入乡随俗,学习中国的文化;结交皇帝士大夫等阶层,走上层传教路线;传播科学,走知识传教路线等策略。并在此基础上对传教士作为中西医交流的媒介进行了评价。对于来华传教士在中西医交流中的桥梁作用,既不能夸大,也不能全盘否定,必须做出客观的、实事求是的评价。第二部分重点详细介绍了明清之际西洋医学传入的内容,其中包括脑神经学与人体构造理论的传入、西方医疗制度的介绍、西药的传入与制作、接种牛痘术的传入与推广等内容。并对中国社会各阶层对西医药传入的种种反应进行了分析。由于中西文化背景、风俗习惯的不同,中国社会各阶层对西医药的传入做出了不同的反应:有怀疑,有否定,有全盘接受,同时也产生了颇具特色的中西医汇通思想。文化交流是双向性的,传教士在把西方的医学知识介绍到中国的同时,也把中国传统的中医药知识介绍到西方。本文第三部分主要论述了明清之际中医药的外传,也是本文论述的重点部分。主要介绍了脉学、针灸学与本草学的外传、中药的制作与外传、中国人痘术的外传等中医药外传内容,并对西洋传教士对中医药知识的看法进行了分析。由于文化生活背景、传教士自身的科学素养、研究的力度和深度上的不同,传教士对中医药的看法呈现出了多样性。第四部分主要对明清之际中西医交流带给我们的历史启示进行了总结,分析了文化交流的双向性和融合性,以及中西医学在交流中地位的变化。西洋医学逐步取代中国传统医学,处于主导地位,而中医学则逐渐退居次要地位。最后但非常重要的是,中医药学是中华民族的宝贵文化遗产,是我国几千年传统文化的积淀和医疗经验的精粹,在世界传统医学中占有重要地位。因此,要树立中医药的地位和影响不能动摇的信念,继承和发展我国的传统医学只有起点而没有终点。
[Abstract]:The cultural exchange between China and the West during the Ming and Qing dynasties was a hot topic in academic research, in which medical communication was an important part of the cultural exchange between China and the West. This paper mainly discusses the communication between Chinese and Western medicine with missionaries as the medium during the Ming and Qing dynasties. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part mainly discusses the media of the communication between traditional Chinese and Western medicine in Ming and Qing dynasties, analyzes the inevitability of missionaries as the medium of communication between Chinese and western medicine. That is, the requirements of the times and the qualities of the missionaries themselves. This paper introduces the missionary strategy of the missionaries. The medical missionary is a more effective missionary method groped out by the missionaries under the special historical background of China. To study Chinese culture; to make friends with the emperor and officials, etc., and to follow the route of missionary education; to spread science, On the basis of this, the missionary is evaluated as a medium for the exchange of traditional Chinese and western medicine. The role of missionaries in China as a bridge in the exchange of traditional Chinese and western medicine cannot be exaggerated or denied completely. We must make an objective and realistic evaluation. The second part focuses on the introduction of Western medicine during the Ming and Qing dynasties, including the introduction of brain neurology and the theory of human body structure, and the introduction of western medical systems. The introduction and manufacture of western medicine, the introduction and promotion of vaccinations and so on, and the analysis of the reactions of various social strata to the introduction of western medicine in China. Due to the different cultural backgrounds between China and the West, the customs and habits are different. Different social strata in China have made different responses to the introduction of western medicine: there are doubts, negation, total acceptance, but also produced a rather characteristic thought of Huitong of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Cultural exchange is bidirectional. The missionaries introduced the western medical knowledge to China as well as the traditional Chinese medicine knowledge to the West. The third part of this paper mainly discusses the Chinese traditional medicine in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is also the key part of this paper. It mainly introduces the external transmission of traditional Chinese medicine, such as pulsology, acupuncture and moxibustion, traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese poxpox, etc. It also analyzes the western missionaries' views on the knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine. Because of the cultural background, the missionaries' own scientific literacy, the intensity and depth of the research, The views of missionaries on traditional Chinese medicine show diversity. Part 4th summarizes the historical enlightenment brought to us by the exchange of traditional Chinese and western medicine during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and analyzes the bidirectional and amalgamative nature of cultural exchanges. Western medicine has gradually replaced traditional Chinese medicine and taken the leading position, while traditional Chinese medicine has gradually retreated into a secondary position. Last but not least, Chinese medicine is the precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, the accumulation of thousands of years of Chinese traditional culture and the essence of medical experience, and occupies an important position in traditional medicine in the world. To establish the position and influence of traditional Chinese medicine can not shake the belief that the inheritance and development of traditional medicine in China has only the starting point but not the end.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R-09;K248.3;K251

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