明清时期云南的人口迁移与儒学在云南的传播

发布时间：2018-02-25 10:20

本文关键词： 明清云南人口迁移儒学传播　出处：《中央民族大学》2004年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 云南是我国西南地区主要的政治、经济、文化的中心，也是我国少数民族重要的聚集区。虽然在元代及其以前的一千多年历史中，有史记载的以各种形式进入云南的中原移民不下几十次之多，移民规模从几万人到几十人不等，但进入云南的中原移民没有能够改变云南社会的民族结构，而是将自己融入到了云南社会之中。进入明代以来，明朝政府大规模向云南移民，在主要的政治经济中心区域内移民人口迅速超过当地人口而成为主导民族。以儒学为主导的汉文化也随着移民的到来以不同的形式进行传播。论文的第一章主要论述了研究明清时期云南移民及儒学传播的意义。介绍了明清时期云南移民及儒学传播研究的现状，研究明清时期云南移民与儒学传播及其影响的方法。认为研究明清云南移民与儒学传播及其影响对于我们今天更加深刻地认识云南社会与内地的政治、经济文化的联系有着积极的作用。第二章论述了明代以前历朝历代云南移民及其儒学传播的情况。从汉代儒学成为统治阶级的正统思想以后，一直到明朝之前的一千多年时间中，儒学伴随着进入云南的移民也一同来到这里。在此期间，虽然进入云南的移民原因多样，或战争、或交往、或贸易等等，但有一点，就是不管哪个类型的移民，进入云南后都会自觉或不自觉地传播儒家文化，促使云南社会在不知不觉中朝着以儒家思想为标准来衡量社会发展的方向变迁。这期间儒学在云南传播最重要的就是赛典赤在云南兴建学校来传播儒学的事件，把儒学传播推进了一个新的阶段。第三章论述了明朝大规模移民的情况及其移民对儒学的传播与影响。明朝中央政府所进行的大规模移民其数量之多、持续时间之长史无前例。根据各种史书记载及现代学者研究，仅在明朝洪武永乐时期明朝政府迁往云南的各种移民就应在200万人以上。这迅速改变了云南政治经济中心区的民族人口结构，加上明代以前以迁到云南的汉族百姓，汉族迅速成为云南社会的主体民族，与之相适应的中原社会的政治、经济、文化制度也随之被带到云南。大规模的汉族移民进入云南迅速掀起了儒学传播的高潮，建文庙、兴学校、办书院，儒学在明朝统治者的大力提倡下，通过移民中的各个阶层，全方位的开始在云南传播。以儒学思想为主导的汉文化的生产方式、生活方式、思维方式、伦理道德、价值取向等以不同方式、不同渠道对云南社会产生着影响。到了明朝中后期，在儒家文化的影响下，云南的政治制度开始发生较大变化，，那就是部分接受儒家文化较深的少数民族地区开始进行改土归流的政治改革，经济上封建社会的自给自足的小农经济开始占主导地位，生产力发展水平与内地基本一致;文化方面也表现为学习儒家文化的人员日益增多，科举之风日盛，著述水平提高，大部分地区社会风俗发生了重大变迁，以儒家文化为主导的汉文化成为改造云南少数民族文化风俗的标准。第四章论述了清朝时期云南的人口迁移及儒学传播与影响。在清代268年的统治中，虽然没有出现像明朝那样大规模的政府组织的移民，但由于清朝时期人口总数增大，在明朝大规模移民云南的基础上，内地与云南的交往增加，中原地区人多地少的矛盾日益突出，清朝云南矿业发达，所以，清代以各种形式进入云南的中原人口不下百万。在这些移民中，以官仕滇的阶层及其家属虽然数量不多，但在清代儒学传播中却起着主导作用。经过二百多年的儒学传播，清代云南社会较明代相比更加与内地日趋一致，政治上清政府对条件成熟的地区继续进行改土归流，对条件不成熟但因统治需要改土归流的地区进行强制性的大规模改土归流，强行推广儒家文化。经济上封建的生产关系由云南中心地区向边远地区扩大，内地先进的农业生产技术及时传入云南，提高了云南的总体经济水平。矿冶业的发展促进了云南的商业发达，并迅速改变着云南各族人民的价值观念，在儒家文化的教育及影响下，_滇人文化水平大大提高，考中科举的人数己不低于内地。儒家思想影响着云南社会的各个方面，促进了云南社会在清朝的总体社会变迁。时至今日，云南成为保存中国古代儒家文化最丰富的地区之
[Abstract]:Yunnan is the political, mainly in Southwest China economic, cultural center, is also an important gathering of ethnic minorities in China. Although in its previous one thousand years of history in the Yuan Dynasty, recorded in various forms in Yunnan Central Plains immigrants dozens of times, the scale of immigration from tens of thousands of people to dozens of people differ, but entered the Yunnan Central Plains immigrants hadn't changed the ethnic structure of Yunnan society, but put himself into the Yunnan society. In Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty government mass immigration to Yunnan, in the political and economic center in the main area of the immigrant population exceeded the local population rapidly and become the dominant ethnic Han culture in Confucianism. With the arrival of immigrants also led to spread in different forms.
The first chapter mainly discusses the significance of the Ming and Qing Dynasties Yunnan immigration and the spread of Confucianism. Introduces the research status of Yunnan immigrants and the spread of Confucianism in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Ming and Qing Dynasties of the Yunnan immigration and the spread of Confucianism and its influence. That of the Ming and Qing Yunnan immigration and the spread of Confucianism and its influence to our society and more profound understanding of Yunnan the mainland has a positive effect on political, economic and cultural ties.
The second chapter discusses the Ming dynasties before the Yunnan immigration and spread of Confucianism. Later became the orthodox ideology of the ruling class from the Han Dynasty, until one thousand years before the Ming Dynasty, with Confucianism into Yunnan immigrants also came together here. During this period, although the causes of immigration in Yunnan is diverse, or the war. Or exchanges, or trade and so on, but one thing is no matter what type of immigrants, after entering Yunnan will consciously or unconsciously spread of Confucian culture, promote Yunnan society in imperceptibly towards Confucianism as the standard to measure the development direction of the society. During this period, Confucianism spread in Yunnan is the most important Sayyid in the construction of the Yunnan School of Confucianism events, the spread of Confucianism into a new stage.
The third chapter discusses the spread and influence of its large scale of immigration in Ming Dynasty on Confucianism. Mass immigration of the central government of the Ming Dynasty by the number and duration of according to various historical records. There was no parallel in history. and modern scholars, only in the Ming Dynasty Hongwu and Yongle in Ming Dynasty to all immigrants in Yunnan should be in 2 million more. This quickly changed the ethnic population structure of Yunnan political and economic center, and moved to Yunnan before the Ming Dynasty to the Han people, Han quickly became the main nationality in Yunnan, and the central political, economic and cultural system will also be brought to Yunnan. A large number of Han people immigrated into the Yunnan quickly set off the climax of the spread of Confucianism, built Confucious'temple, Hing School, run school of Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty rulers strongly advocated, through all levels of immigration in the whole Party The beginning of location is spread in Yunnan. The production mode, life style, way of thinking, ethics and value orientation of Chinese culture dominated by Confucianism are different ways and channels for Yunnan society.
In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, under the influence of the Confucian culture, the political system of Yunnan began.
Great changes have taken place, which is the beginning of a part of the minority areas with the deeper Confucian culture.
The political reform of changing soil and returning to the flow, and the beginning of the self-sufficient small peasant economy in the economy of the feudal society
In the dominant position, the development level of the productive forces is basically the same as that in the mainland; the cultural aspect is also shown as learning.
Study of Confucian culture is increasing, the increasing wind, improve the level of writing, most
Great changes have taken place in the social customs in the region, and the Han culture dominated by the Confucian culture has become a transformation.
The standard of the cultural customs of the minority nationalities in Yunnan.
The fourth chapter discusses the migration of population and the spread and influence of Confucianism in Yunnan during the Qing Dynasty.
In the 268 years of rule, there was no migration of government organizations like the Ming Dynasty.
People, but due to the increase in the population in the Qing Dynasty, on the basis of the large-scale immigration of Yunnan in the Ming Dynasty,
The intercourse between the mainland and Yunnan is increasing, and the contradiction between many people in the Central Plains region is increasingly prominent, and the Qing Dynasty is a cloud.
The southern mining industry is well developed, so the population of the Central Plains in Yunnan in various forms in the Qing Dynasty is not less than a million.
In these migrants, of government officials and their families although the amount is not much, but in the Qing Dynasty Confucianism
It played a leading role in the communication of learning. After more than 200 years of Confucianism, the Yunnan society of the Qing Dynasty
It is more consistent with the mainland compared to the Ming Dynasty, and the political supernatant government has followed the conditions of maturity.
Continue to change soil and return to flow, to be strong in the area where conditions are not mature but the areas where the rule needs to be converted to the flow.
The large-scale transformation of soil into the flow of soil and the promotion of Confucian culture. The economic feudal production relationship
From the central region of Yunnan to the remote areas, the advanced agricultural production technology in the mainland will be introduced in time
Yunnan has raised the overall economic level of Yunnan. The development of mining and metallurgy has promoted the business of Yunnan
Developed, and quickly changed the values of the people of all ethnic groups in Yunnan, in the education of the Confucian culture and
Under the influence of _ Yunnan culture level is greatly improved, the number of test in the examination is not lower than the mainland Confucianism.
The family thought influenced all aspects of Yunnan society and promoted the society of Yunnan in the Qing Dynasty.
It will change. Today, Yunnan has become the most abundant area of ancient Chinese Confucian culture.

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K248

【引证文献】