宋代麻织业初探

发布时间：2018-02-26 20:12

本文关键词： 麻织业分布消费生产　出处：《河北大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自古以来,我国的纺织业都是丝麻并举,但是丝织品和麻织品的消费群体却区别明显,丝织品都被统治阶级剥削了来供应其奢华的生活,而劳动人民只能穿着麻布原料所织就的衣物,故百姓们都被称为布衣。几千年来,丝织业维系着统治阶级的衣着需要,而麻织业则是普通百姓的被服来源。麻织业在宋代得到了迅速发展,全国各路都有广泛分布。宋代麻织业在产品种类、质量、制作工艺上都远远超过了前代。由于宋代自然地理环境、麻作物种植区域、产地的人口分布、经济发展等情况的差异,其麻织业的地域分布呈现着格局不平衡的特点。麻布产品的织就,由麻作物的种植、刈获、沤麻、绩麻、织布等若干步骤组成。随着宋代麻织业的发展,麻作物种植技术得到了很大进步,大麻、苎麻等作物的种植面积不断扩大,麻作物的刈获技术也不断成熟,绩麻技术由前代的单锭纺车发展到三锭、五锭,在南宋更是出现了提升效率百倍的水转大纺车。随着织布技术的提高,宋代麻织业产品种类不断增多,出现了很多特色麻布产品。穿衣是人类生活的基本需要,宋代麻织业的迅速发展,直接诱因就是对麻布产品的需求。宋代人口的大量增加,政府与民间的大量需求,丧葬仪式的需要以及对外贸易的发展都使麻布产品的需求大量增加。农民家庭是宋代麻织业的主要生产单位,农家为了满足自身的正常生产和再生产,必须选择成本、产出比例等都较丝织业优越的麻织业作为其家庭纺织业的重心。历代妇女在麻织业生产中都占有重要的地位,随着宋代经济的发展、义利观的变革,妇女在麻织业生产中发挥了更为重要的作用。伴随着麻织业生产的发展、商品市场的不断繁荣,宋代麻织业中出现了麻布包买商与雇工,这些情况显示了宋代经济中新的生产关系的出现和发展。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, China's textile industry is silk and hemp, but the consumer groups of silk and linen are distinct, silk was exploited by the ruling class to supply their luxurious life. For thousands of years, the silk industry maintained the clothing needs of the ruling class, and the linen industry was the source of clothing for ordinary people. The hemp weaving industry developed rapidly in the Song Dynasty, and was widely distributed across the country. In the Song Dynasty, the hemp weaving industry was far superior to the previous generation in product types, quality, and production techniques. Because of the natural geographical environment of the Song Dynasty, the area where hemp crops were grown was greatly exceeded. The population distribution and economic development of the producing area are different, and the regional distribution of the hemp weaving industry presents the characteristics of unbalanced pattern. The weaving of hemp products consists of a number of steps, such as the cultivation, harvesting, retting, performance and weaving of hemp crops. With the development of the hemp weaving industry in the Song Dynasty, the cultivation technology of hemp crops has made great progress. The growing area of Ramie and other crops has been continuously expanded, and the harvesting technology of Ramie crops has also been maturing. The technology has developed from a single spindle spinning wheel of the previous generation to three or five ingots. With the improvement of weaving technology, the variety of hemp weaving products in Song Dynasty was increasing, and many special linen products appeared. Dressing is the basic need of human life, and the rapid development of the hemp weaving industry in the Song Dynasty was a direct inducement of the demand for linen products. The need for funeral ceremonies and the development of foreign trade have greatly increased the demand for linen products. Farmers' families were the main production units in the hemp weaving industry in the Song Dynasty. In order to satisfy their normal production and reproduction, farmers had to choose the cost. With the development of economy in Song Dynasty and the change of view of justice and profit, women in successive dynasties played an important role in the production of hemp weaving, with the development of economy in Song Dynasty, and the transformation of the view of righteousness and profit, with the development of the economy of Song Dynasty, the proportion of output was superior to that of silk industry as the focus of family textile industry. Women played a more important role in the production of hemp weaving. With the development of production and the prosperity of the commodity market, sackcloth bag buyers and hires appeared in the Song Dynasty. These conditions show the emergence and development of new relations of production in the economy of Song Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：F426.81;K244

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