魏晋南北朝时期北方地区的胡汉饮食文化交流

发布时间：2018-03-03 13:17

本文选题：魏晋南北朝　切入点：北方地区　出处：《华中师范大学》2002年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 魏晋南北朝是中国历史上人口大迁移、大混杂的时代。此时期北方少数民族大量进入中原地区，而中原一些人口则分别迁往东北、河西和江南地区，由此展开了民族之间的大融合，在北方地区则是五胡(匈奴、鲜卑、氏、羯、羌)为代表的少数民族与中原汉族之间的交融。各民族的饮食生活也在这种交融中呈现出新的面貌。本文主要由前言、后记和三章主体构成。前言主要介绍研究饮食文化及其交流与融合对于研究各个时代政治、经济、文化特点的意义，以及在魏晋南北朝这样一个特殊的历史时期胡汉饮食交融的概况。第一章探讨饮食的地区性差异和社会环境对饮食文化的影响。各民族、各地区由于所处的地理环境的不同，使得人们获得食物的两个来源——植物和动物——的生长和分布各有不同。同时，不同的生存条件也决定了人们饮食需求、饮食心理、烹饪方法和进食方式的不同，如北方少数民族食肉饮酪而汉族则食五谷杂粮等，这种差异是胡汉饮食交流的基础。这两种饮食文化原本没有交接，但这个时期大规模的人口迁移使胡汉民族共处于同样的地理环境中，从而展开了饮食文化的冲突与交流。这个时期动荡与灾害下生发的浓厚的生命危机促使着人们打破地域的限制、传统观念的束缚去追求饮食的享受，这也促进了饮食的交融。第二章考察了胡汉饮食文化交流的三个主要内容，即饮食原料与成品的交流、加工方法与饮食方式的交流。胡族进入北方及中原地区以后，初期依然以畜牧业为主，但随着定居倾向的发展，随着人口的增长、粮食供应的不足以及和汉族的融合程度渐深而逐渐从事农业，于是粮食成为饮食生活中的主要部分。就汉族来讲，原本肉类食物在饮食生活中所占比例很小，但中原地区经长期战乱以后荒草丛生，这使畜牧业有了发展的可能，同时在少数民族的影响与政策鼓励下，养羊与养牛业得到了较大的发展，从而提高了肉类食物在整个饮食结构中的比例。不仅如此，汉族还从少数民族地区引进了许多蔬菜与水果，／拄包劳入石员士学位论文＼站孟和y ＊“DR’Sn正SIS 如黄瓜、葡萄、石榴等。在饮品与加工方法上，主要是乳酪与酒、炙肉法与羹法的交流与融合。在饮食方式上，在胡床与胡坐的影响下，，汉族开始了一场家具的革命，高足家具的出现使得汉族传统的分食制开始了向合食制转变的历程。第三章借助于社会学、人类学的一些理论考察了胡汉饮食文化从初期的抗拒到最后的融合过程，并探讨了胡汉饮食文化交融的意义。社会风俗的存在与传承更多地根植于大众的社会心理，故长久以来存在的对彼此饮食文化敌视的，0理以及不愿轻易放弃本族文化传统的心理使得双方对饮食文化的交流进行了抗拒，但随着胡汉融合程度的加深，这种心理逐渐改变，同时文化自身的发展规律也使得胡汉饮食文化的交融成为必然。二者的交融有利于彼此饮食文化的走向丰富，也使得彼此的饮食结构更加科学。后记则是我自己对学习与论文的一些想法。
[Abstract]:The Han Dynasty is a large population migration history Chinese, chaos era. In this period the northern minorities into the Central Plains, Central Plains and some people were moved to the northeast, West and south of the Yangtze River, which launched the fusion between ethnic groups, in the northern region is the (Hun, Xianbei, Jie Shi,. Qiang) blend between the minority and the Han nationality as the representative of the national diet. Also in this communion is taking on a new look.
This article is mainly composed of the preface, the postscript and the three chapters.
The foreword mainly introduces the significance of studying the catering culture and its communication and integration for the study of the political, economic and cultural characteristics of different times, and the general situation of the diet blending between Hu and Han in such a special historical period.
The first chapter discusses influence of regional differences in diet on the diet culture and social environment. All ethnic groups, all regions due to the different geographical environment, make people get food from two sources: animal and plant - growth and distribution are different. At the same time, different living conditions also determines people's food demand psychological, diet, cooking and eating in different ways, such as the northern minorities and Han flesh eating dairy drink eat cereals, this difference is the foundation of intermarriages diet. The two kinds of diet culture did not transfer, but the era of large-scale population migration to Hu and Han ethnic groups in the same geographical environment in total thus, launched a conflict and exchange of food culture. Life crisis strong germinal turmoil and disaster this period prompted people to break the geographical restrictions, the shackles of traditional ideas to pursue The enjoyment of food also promotes the blend of food.
The second chapter examines the three main contents of Hu Han diet cultural exchange, namely food raw materials and finished products exchange, processing methods and diet exchanges. After Hu nationality entered the northern and Central Plains, still early in animal husbandry, but with the development tendency of the settlement, with the increase of the population, insufficient food supply and the Han fusion deep gradually engaged in agriculture and food become a major part of the diet. On the Han, the original meat in the diet of life in a small proportion, but the Central Plains region by the long war after the clumps of weeds, the animal husbandry has the possibility of development, at the same time in the minority with the encouragement, sheep and cattle industry has got a great development, so as to increase the proportion of meat in the diet. Not only that, Han also introduced from minority areas Many vegetables and fruits,
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Such as cucumbers, grapes, pomegranates and so on. In the drink and processing methods, mainly cheese and wine, broiled meat and soup.
Exchange and fusion method. In the diet, the effect of Huchuang and Hu sitting, Han began a home
With the emergence of high revolution, furniture makes fresh Han began to shift from the traditional food system.
Cheng.
The third chapter, with the help of sociological and anthropological theories, examines the resistance of Hu and Han's dietary culture from the early stages.
Refusing the final fusion process and discussing the significance of the combination of Hu and Han eating culture. The existence and the existence of social customs.
Inheritance is more rooted in the social psychology of the masses, so it has been hostile to each other's diet culture for a long time.
The 0 principles and the reluctance to give up the cultural traditions of the family made the two sides of the diet culture exchange.
The resistance was resisted, but with the deepening of the fusion of Hu and Han, this kind of psychology changed gradually, and the culture itself was made.
The spread of the Hu and Han food culture is inevitable. The blend of the two is beneficial to each other's diet culture.
The trend is rich and the diet of each other is more scientific.
The postscript is some of my own ideas about learning and paper.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：K235

【引证文献】